目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCDE)和括约肌切开取石术(EST)+LC两种方法处理胆囊结石合并胆管结石的优缺点,探索胆囊结石合并胆管结石的最佳处理方法。方法:回顾行分析我院2007年9月至2009年6月采用微创处理27例胆囊结石合并胆管结石病例,其中LC+LCDE 15例,EST+LC 12例。比较其手术时间、围手术期并发症、住院时间及术后结石复发及发生胆管炎等。结果:27例手术均获成功,结石全部取净,无中转开腹。LC+EST组手术时间短,术后恢复快,但住院时间长,围手术期并发症多。术后随访3月,两组均无结石复发及发生胆管炎等。结论:微创方法治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石具有创伤小、效果好、恢复快等优点,对于具体病例应根据胆管扩张情况、结石多少及位置以及十二指肠乳头功能决定具体的微创方式。
Objective To provide reference for medical risk management by evidence-based evaluation of the status of coal-mining risk management in China. Methods We searched databases of EI (1969 to 2005), SDOS (1995 to 2005), Vip (1989 to 2005), Wanfang (up to 2005), and CNKI (1994 to 2005), as well as some official websites, for English and Chinese articles related to coal-mining safety, risk management, precaution, and response to mine disasters in China. Results Total of 19 articles, including 9 official documents, 4 research articles, and 6 expert comments were included. Recently the number of coal-mining disasters has declined in China, but still much larger than that in US. The safety status of small coal mines (90% of total coal mines in China) was much more severe. The response and precaution system of coal mining disaster in China was poor. Conclusion Medical service in China may take the following measures based on lessons from coal mining industry to improve its risk management: ① Strengthen the management of small clinics (68.24% of total medical organizations in China); ② Train doctors and nurses to upgrade their perception of medical risk; ③ Establish self-report system of medical malpractices, errors, and accidents.