Objective To explore the effect of different pre-labor position for premature rupture of membrane (PROM) after 37 weeks with vertex and engaged presentation on the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods A total of 120 women over 37 weeks PROM with single fetus in vertex presentation and engaged head were randomly allocated into two groups. The trial group (60 women) received no limit of movement after hospitalization and before labor while the control group (60 women) adapted lateral and supine position alternatively with hip-up. Labor process and neonatal outcomes were observed and recorded. SPSS 13.0 software was adopted to analyze the data. Results Compared with the control group, the trial group had higher rate of normal birth (70% vs. 46.7%, χ2=6.72, P=0.01), shorter first and second stage of labor (t=2.11, P=0.039; t=2.75, P=0.007), fewer incidence of dysuria during labor (χ2=8.11, P=0.0041), and less amount of amniotic fluid (107±55 mL vs. 248±42 mL, t=4.188, P=0.000 1). Conclusion For PROM over 37 weeks pregnancy with single vertex presentation and engaged head, no limit on the position before labor is safe and feasible, and it can improvie spontaneous delivery rate, shorten labor process, decrease amount of amniotic fluid, and eliminate the incidence of dysuria. It is worth to be popularized in the clinic.
Purpose Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the malignant behavior of cancer. HOTAIR, a well-studied lncRNA, contributes to breast cancer development, and overexpression of HOTAIR predicts a poor prognosis. However, the regulatory role of HOTAIR in the cancer stem-like cell (CSC) subpopulation remains largely unknown. Our goal was to determine the regulatory functions of HOTAIR in the processes of self-renewal capacity, tumor formation and proliferation of CSCs derived from breast cancer. Methods We first enriched and incubated the CSC population derived from breast cancer cell line MCF7 (CSC-MCF7) or MDA-MB-231 (MB231, CSC-MB231). Self-renewal capacity and tumor formation were assessed in vitro and in vivo to determine the stemness of CSCs. We assessed the impact on ectopically upregulated or downregulated expression of HOTAIR in CSCs by soft agar, self-renewal capacity and CCK-8 assays. The functional domain of HOTAIR was determined by truncation. RT-qPCR and semiquantitative Western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of genes of interest. Chromatin IP (ChIP) was employed to detect the transcriptional regulatory activity of p53 on its target gene. Results After the identification of CSC properties, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that HOTAIR, but not other cancer-associated lncRNAs, is highly upregulated in both CSC-MCF7 and CSCMB231 populations compared with MCF7 and MB231 populations. By modulating the level of HOTAIR expression, we showed that HOTAIR tightly regulates the proliferation, colony formation, migration and self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Moreover, full-length HOTAIR transcriptionally inhibits miR-34a specifically, leading to upregulation of Sox2, which is targeted by miR-34a. Ectopic introduction of miR-34a mimics reverses the effects of HOTAIR on the physiological processes of CSCs, indicating that HOTAIR affects these processes, including self-renewal capacity; these effects are dependent on the regulation of Sox2 via miR-34a. Interestingly, tight transcriptional regulation of p53 by HOTAIR was found; accordingly, p21 is indirectly regulated by HOTAIR, resulting in cell cycle entry. Conclusion These results suggest that HOTAIR is a key regulator of proliferation, colony formation, invasion and self-renewal capacity in breast CSCs, which occurs in part through regulation of Sox2 and p53.
The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a candidate gene for stroke based on PAI-1's crucial role in fibrinolytic system. However, association studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the association between PAI-1 polymorphisms and stroke susceptibility. To further elucidate the putative association, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a complete picture of the loci investigated for association of PAI-1 polymorphism with stroke risk and to derive a precise estimation. PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched until June 2015 to identify eligible studies. Forty data sets from 39 studies with a total of 8336 cases and 14,403 controls were included. The most commonly investigated polymorphism was -675 4G/5G, followed by -844 G/A, 11053 T > G, HindIII C/G, and (CA)n. Overall, our meta-analysis provided evidence for the significant association of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with an increased risk of adult but not pediatric ischemic stroke (adult: 4G/4G vs. 4G/5G + 5G/5G, OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.42). In the subgroup analysis, significant association was detected in Asians (4G/4G vs. 4G/5G + 5G/5G, OR = 1.45, 95 % CI = 1.14-1.85) but not Caucasians. Moreover, we found that -844 G/A but not 11053 T > G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (-844G/A: A/A vs. G/G: OR = 1.32, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.73). A tendency of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism towards a decreased risk of hemorrhagic stroke was observed (4G/4G + 4G/5G vs. 5G/5G, OR = 0.77, 95 % CI = 0.59-1.02, P = 0.066). Future well-designed studies in large well-characterized sample size and presenting results stratified by gender, age, and stroke subtype are warranted.
Tooth development involves epithelium invagination, mesenchyme aggregation, and epithelium-mesenchyme communication. A sophisticated signaling pathway network regulates the differentiation and crosstalk of multiple cell types in tooth germs and coordinates the broad spectrum of complex processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA species that have been relatively well studied over the last few years, are now proposed as important regulators of tooth developmental signaling pathways as they repress cellular protein levels to provide a posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNA characteristics in regulating morphogenesis, amelogenesis, dentin formation, and tooth eruption and how they interplay with the signaling molecules during these processes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The COSMIN-RoB checklist includes three sections with a total of 10 boxes, which is used to evaluate risk of bias of studies on content validity, internal structure, and other measurement properties. COSMIN classifies reliability, measurement error, criteria validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, and responsiveness as other measurement properties, which primarily focus on the quality of the (sub)scale as a whole, rather than on the item level. Among the five measurement properties, reliability, measurement error and criteria validity are the most widely used in the studies. Therefore, this paper aims to interpret COSMIN-RoB checklist with examples to guide researchers to evaluate the risk of bias of the studies on reliability, measurement error and criteria validity of PROMs.
Measurement properties studies of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) aims to validate the measurement properties of PROMs. In the process of designing and statistical analysis of these measurement properties studies, bias will occur if there are any defects, which will affect the quality of PROMs. Therefore, the COSMIN (consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments) team has developed the COSMIN risk of bias (COSMIN-RoB) checklist to evaluate risk of bias of studies on measurement properties of PROMs. The checklist can be used to develop systematic reviews of PROMs measurement properties, and for PROMs developers, it can also be used to guide the research design in the measurement tool development process for reducing bias. At present, similar assessment tools are lacking in China. Therefore, this article aims to introduce the primary contents of COSMIN-RoB checklist and to interpret how to evaluate risk of bias of the internal structure studies of PROMs with examples.
ObjectiveTo construct a framework and functional items of a scientific research assistant tool for conducting systematic review for patient-reported outcome measures. MethodsBased on the research foundation and work experience of the system evaluation of two patient-reported outcome measures systematic reviews carried out by the research group in the early stage, the framework and function system of scientific research aid tool was initially constructed, and two rounds of correspondence were carried out by Dephi expert consultation method. ResultsThe effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 90% and 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.839, and the compatibility coefficients of suitability and importance were 0.105 and 0.177, respectively. The final the patient-reported outcome measures tool system evaluation scientific research aid tool system consists of 7 frames and 31 items. ConclusionThis study has developed a scientific and comprehensive set of functional criteria for research-assistant tools that systematically review patient-reported outcome measures based on the COSMIN methodology and it lays the foundation for subsequent tool research and development.