Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of polyethersulfone highflux dialyzer for uremic patients. Methods Forty eligible uremic patients were randomized into two groups, i.e. polyethersulfone (PES) group and polysulfone(PSF) group, according to a random number table. The PES group received hemodialysis for 4 hours with polyethersulfone highflux dialyzer (Chengdu OCI Medical Device Co., Ltd), and the PSF group with polysulfone highflux dialyzers (Fresenius Polysulfones, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany). Changes in serum creatinine, urea, β2-microglobulin, hemoglobin and albumin levels were determined for efficacy and safety evaluation. Results All the 40 patients completed the trial. The serum creatinine, urea, β2-microglobulin levels of all the patients in the two groups decreased (gt;30%) after the hemodialysis with different highflux dialyzers, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Changes in solute clearance index (KT/V) value, hemoglobin and albumin levels were also comparable between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of the PES hollow fiber membrane hemodialyzer is equivalent to that of the PSF hemodialyzer in hemodialysis for uremic patients.