The level of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) of carcinoma and pericarcinoma tissue were determined in 30 cases of male hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients operated by streptavidin peroxdase conjugated method, meanwhile used 20 patients with benign liver disease as a contrast group. The results showed that the positive rate of AR in tumor tisse was 80.0%, significantly higher than that in peritumor tissue (46.7%) and liver tissue of benign diseases (40.0%), Ｐ＜0.01, and there was no significantly difference between the latter two groups (Ｐ＞0.05). The positive rate of ER in carcinoma tissue (43.3%) was notably lower than that in pericarcinoma tissue (80.0%), Ｐ＜0.01. Statistically significantly difference wasn’t achieved in contrast with the benign diseases group (50.0%), Ｐ＞0.05. The positive rate of PR had no significantly difference among the three groups (Ｐ＞0.05). The authors suggest that sex hormone is related to initializing and developing of HCC by the action via its receptor, the level of AR and ER can be used as a prognosis determine index of HCC.
InordertounderstandtherelationshipofP62CmycproteinexpressiontoERandPRinbreastcanceranditsclinicalsignificance,weexaminedexpressionofP62Cmycproteinin107breastcarcinomasbyusingimmunohistochemicaltechniques(LSAB).TheresultsshowedthatthepositiverateofP62Cmycproteinexpressionwas63.55%(68/107).TheoverexpressionofP62Cmycproteinrelatednegativelywithsurvival.94.00%ofthecaseswithoverexpressionofP62Cmycproteinsurvived≤5years,65.00%survivedgt;5yearslt;10yearsand21.62%survived≥10years.ThereweresignificantassociationsofP62Cmycproteinexpressionwithadvancedclinicalstage,highhistologicalgrade,andpositiveaxillarynodestatusinbreastcancer,butnorelationshipbetweenhormonereceptorsandP62Cmyc.AllofthesefindingssuggestthatoverexpressionofP62Cmycproteinmightbeanimportantprognosticfactor,andthedetectionofP62Cmycproteinmightbearrangedasaregularpathologicalexaminationinthecasesofbreastcancer.
Objective To review the mechanisms of cholesterol gallstones caused by female hormone so as to explore new treatments to prevent gallstones associated with estrogen and progesterone. Methods The literatures on gallstones related with female hormone were reviewed and the mechanisms of cholesterol gallstones were summarized. Results The cholesterol gallstones mechanisms was affected by estrogen through genomic effects，and the nucleation of cholesterol was promoted by estrogen through nongenomic，which resulted in the formation of cholesterol gallstones. And the bile empty dysfunction associated with estrogen through nongenomic effects was also the reason of cholesterol gallstone formation. The G proteins α subunit responsible for the motility of gallbladder were disrupted by progesterone through genomic effects，and the ionic channels and signal transduction were also interfered through nongenomic pathway，which impaired the contraction of gallbladder. However，the nongenomic effects might not play an important role in the gallstones formation caused by progesterone. Conclusions The mechanisms of cholesterol gallstones formation associated with female hormone are complicated，the understanding of chelesterol gallstones formation mechanisms might be helpful to prevent gallstones associated with estrogen and progesterone.
Objective To investigate the expressions of C-erbB-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer tissues and to explore their relationship with patients-age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathological type and the stage of cancer. Methods The expressions of C-erbB-2, ER and PR in 83 cases of breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and the clinical significance was statistically analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of C-erbB-2, ER and PR in 83 cases of breast cancer tissues were 78.3%, 56.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The expressions of C-erbB-2, ER and PR were not correlated to patients’ age, tumor size, histopathological type and the stage of cancer (Pgt;0.05). While the expression of C-erbB-2 rather than ER and PR was correlated to lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05) and the correlation was positive (r=0.387, P＜0.05). Conclusion The positive expression of C-erbB-2 is one of lymph node metastasis factors for breast cancer patients. Combined detection of ER and PR expression may be helpful to clinical treatment and predict prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Objective To study the relations between the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and tumor infiltration and metastasis in thyroid carcinoma. Methods By using immunohistochemical staining (SABC method), the expressions of ER and PR in 100 cases of thyroid carcinomas and 28 cases of benign thyroid lesions were studied. Results The positive rate of ER and PR expressions were 67.0% and 62.0% respectively in thyroid carcinomas, they had correlation with cell differentiation and type of histology but positive expressions did not relate to age and sex. The positive rate of ER and PR in the non-metastasized group was 75.4% and 70.5%, significantly higher than that of the metastasized group in which were 53.8% and 48.7% (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that the expressions of ER and PR are related to tumor differentiation and may indicate a poor prognosis.
Objective To investigate expression of p16 protein in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Using immunohistochemical techniques (LSAB) the expression of p16 protein in 107 breast carcinomas was examined. Results The positive rate of p16 protein expression was 40.19% (43/107). The p16 protein over expression of the cases surviving ≤5 years and surviving ≥10 years were 8.00% and 75.68% respectively. Conclusion Expression of p16 protein might play an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of clinicopathologic factors with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in patients with primary breast cancer. MethodsThe data of 105 patients with primary breast cancer were collected from September 2011 to September 2012. The expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 in breast cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 and the clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. ResultsThe positive rates of expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 in breast cancer tissues reached 58.1%, 49.5% and 59.0%, respectively. The expression of ER had a positive correlation with the expression of PR. The concordance expression of ER and PR had a negative correlation with the expression of C-erbB-2. The positive rate of expression of ER had a correlation with the lymph node metastasis and histological grading, while it was not correlated with patients' age, the age of menarche, tumor size, tumor position, clinical stages, pathological type, or pathologic morphology of tissue adjacent to cancer (P>0.05). The positive rate of expression of PR and the different positive strength rate of expression of ER were not correlated with clinical and pathological factors (P>0.05). The positive rate of expression of C-erbB-2 in the group with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in non-lymph node metastasis group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe expression of ER and PR plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the breast cancer. Joint detection of ER and PR is very important for the evaluation of endocrine therapy effect and prognosis.
Objective To summarize the research progress of distributional heterogeneity of the molecular pathology characteristics in breast cancer. Methods The related literatures about the distribution of the molecular pathology characteristics in breast cancer were reviewed. Results The breast cancer had the same heterogeneity as other cancers. At the same time, the molecular pathology characteristics, such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), had the distributional heterogeneity. The distributional heterogeneity of molecular pathology characteristics in breast cancer could effect the pathologic diagnosis, the treatment, and the prognosis. Conclusion Although there are some new techniques which were used to investigate the heterogeneity of breast cancer, but each way has some problems. The more attention should be paid to the research about the distributional heterogeneity of the molecular pathology characteristics in breast cancer.
Objective To systematically review the prognostic value of progesterone receptor (PR) for survival in ovarian cancer. Methods PubMed, EMbase, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2016), CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data databases were searched for cohort studies on the correlation between PR expression and prognosis of ovarian cancer from inception to June 1st 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 12 studies involving 1 881 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the PR positive patients was superior than the PR negative patients on overall survival (OS) (HR=0.64, 95%CI 0.44 to 0.93,P=0.02), disease free survival (DFS) (HR=0.64, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.85,P=0.002), progression free survival (PFS) (HR=0.62, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.82,P=0.000 9) and remission rate of chemotherapy (OR=1.91, 95%CI 1.28 to 2.86,P=0.002). When analysis based on the clinical pathogesis stages, PR expression was higher in clinical stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ than stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR=2.38, 95%CI 1.71 to 3.32,P<0.000 01), and was higher in cell differentiation G1-G2 than G3 (OR=2.48, 95%CI 1.72 to 3.56,P<0.000 01), while no significant difference was found in groups of serous ovarian cancervs. non serous ovarian cancer (OR=1.28, 95%CI 0.89 to 1.83,P=0.18). Conclusion The current evidence shows that the expression of PR protein have predictive value for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Due to limited quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions are still needed to verified by more high quality studies.
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. The systematic therapy of breast cancer may affect the endometrium and ovarian function, such as abnormal endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding caused by ovulation disorders. If we do not consider the patients suffering from breast cancer, we can use progesterone drugs to stop bleeding, regulate menstruation, and protect the endometrium. But there is no consistent conclusion on the safety of progesterone drugs in breast cancer patients. This article reviews the security of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors from the perspective of basic and clinical research. At present, whether the use of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors increases the risk of disease may be related to the type, dosage, and method of use of progesterone drugs. At the same time, it is also related to the type of breast cancer the patient has. Based on the available data, it is safe to use natural progesterone or dydrogesterone for the short term in patients with breast cancer. More studies are needed to evaluate other approaches.