Objective To systematically review the efficacy of six cognitive interventions on cognitive function of patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials on the effects of non-drug interventions on the cognitive function of patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke from inception to March 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Network meta-analysis was then performed using Openbugs 3.2.3 and Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 72 studies involving 4 962 patients were included. The results of network meta-analysis showed that the following five cognitive interventions improved the cognitive function of stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment: cognitive control intervention (SMD=−1.28, 95%CI −1.686 to −0.90, P<0.05) had the most significant effect on the improvement of cognitive function, followed by computer cognitive training (SMD=−1.02, 95%CI −1.51 to −0.53, P<0.05), virtual reality cognitive training (SMD=−1.20, 95%CI −1.78 to −0.62, P<0.05), non-invasive neural regulation (SMD=−1.09, 95%CI −1.58 to −0.60, P<0.05), and cognitive stimulation (SMD=−0.94, 95%CI −1.82 to −0.07, P<0.05). Conclusion Five cognitive interventions are effective in improving cognitive function for stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, among which cognitive control intervention is the most effective. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.