In order to explore the effect of Sipunculus nudus extract (SNE) on skin wound healing in mice and its mechanism, hemostasis effect of SNE was measured, the mouse skin wound model was established by full-thickness excision. The morphological changes of the wound were observed after the treatment with SNE and the healing rate was measured. The changes of wound histology were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of cell factors and related proteins was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that the SNE possessed hemostatic function. SNE could obviously improve the healing rate of wound in mouse and shorten time of scab removal compared with the none-treatment (NT) group (P < 0.05).The pathological histology analysis results showed complete epidermal regeneration, with remarkable capillary and collagen fiber observed in the SNE group. The expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF -α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in SNE group was significantly lower than that of the NT group on 7 d (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the NT group, the gene expressions level of Smad7 was significantly increased and the level of type II TGF-β receptors (TGF-βRII), collagen I (COL1A1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly reduced in the SNE group on 28 d (P < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant compared to Yunnanbaiyao group (PC group) (P > 0.05). These results indicated that SNE possessed obvious activity of accelerating wound healing and inhibiting scar formation, and its mechanism was closely related to hemostatic function, regulation of inflammatory factors, collagen deposition, collagen fiber remodeling and intervening TGF-β/Smads signal pathway. Therefore, SNE may have promising clinical applications in skin wound repair and scar inhibition.
The Wenchuan Earthquake caused severe injuries and deaths as well as subsequent serious potential risks to public health and hygiene in the worst-hit areas. There were 16 casualties in the Mianyang CDC system and the township amp; county CDC networks were destroyed in the worst-hit counties after the earthquake. The Mianyang CDC quickly launched its emergency response plan for major natural disasters within two hours after the earthquake, prepared and improved the technical guide for disease prevention after the earthquake and rapidly sent out quick response team. With the help of CDC aid teams across the country, Mianyang CDC successfully disinfected and buried 6,767,568 corpses, and disposed of millions of animal carcasses.They also disinfected and sterilised an area of 932.595 million square metres, eradicating 3,514,166 fly and mosquito breeding places and treating 5,254,228 cesspit times. By June 30, they had examined 11,092 water supply units and carried out disinfection of 319.7997 million cubic metres of drinking water. Besides, dynamic monitoring for water quality in the four worst-hit areas in Mianyang urban areas. They organised hygienic enforcement supervisors to develop food safety inspection, regulated catering services of the centralised settlements, destroyed spoiled and expired food and vegetables. The authorities prevented the masses from eating dead poultry or meat from carcasses to ensure no occurrence of food poisoning after the earthquake. Standard administration of the 170 settlements of the earthquake-afflicted people and 132 settlements of evacuated people was carried out in accordance with the rules of "Six Provisions and Four Reinforcements" and this would ensure no recurrence of public health events in the settlements. On Day 3 (May 15) after the earthquake, they established a real-time monitoring and report network of the epidemic situation after the earthquake and monitored diseases and symptoms of the people in the resettled region to ensure no occurrence of major epidemic cases. The monitoring results showed that the number of infectious disease cases was comparable to that in the previous years. Moreover, they carried out intensive vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children 41196 person times, stored 100,000 person oral cholera vaccine and monitoring for new sexually transmitted diseases. A total of 10.1265 million copies of publicity materials were organised printed and distributed. They developed large-scale health education and a massive patriotic health campaign by means of the media and organised the masses to engage in sanitation and hygiene as well as controlling flies, mosquitoes and rats in the temporary earthquake-proof places. Under the unified command of the Mianyang emergency response headquarters, the centers for health and epidemic control and prevention at various levels of disaster relief continued to dispose of carcasses and disinfect and bury corpses as well as monitor water quality, so as to ensure the secondary disasters could be prevented in advance.