Objective To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress in the airway inflammation and remodeling of high-fat diet induced obese mice with asthma. Methods Sixty female C57 /6J mice were randomly divided into four groups, ie. an asthma group, an obese group, an obese asthma group, and a control group. The mice in the asthma group were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin ( OVA) and fed with normal diets. The mice in the obese group were fed with high-fat diets. The mice in the obese asthma group were sensitized and challenged as the asthma group, and fed as the obese group. The mice in the control group were sensitized and challenged with normal saline and fed with normal diets. After 12 weeks, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) were collected for total and differential cell count. IL-6 and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α ( 8-iso-PGF2α) in lung tissue homognate were detected by ELISA. The pathological changes were observed under light microscope by HE staining. Meanwhile the remodeling indices including total bronchial wall area ( WAt) , smooth muscle area ( WAm) , and bronchial basement membrane perimeter ( Pbm) were measured. Results In comparison with the obese group and the asthma group, the leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF, WAt/ Pbm, and IL-6 in lung tissue increased significantly in the obese asthma group ( P lt; 0. 05) . 8-iso-PGF2αin lung tissue increased in sequence of the control group, the obese group, the asthma group, and the obese asthma group significantly. Pearson correlation analysis showed that leukocyte in BALF, WAt/ Pbm, and IL-6 were in positive correlation with 8-iso-PGF2α( r =0. 828, 0. 863, 0. 891, respectively, P lt;0. 01) . Conclusion Oxidative stress is involved in the airway inflammation and remodeling of obese asthma mice with high-fat diets.
Objective Engineer heart tissue (EHT) was constructed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and poly lacticacidCOglycolic acid (PLGA), and grafted onto the surface of myocardial infarction rats. We hypothesized that great omentum wrapping would increase EHT blood supply and ameliorate EHT microenvironment which is in favor of cardiac collagen remodling and heart function. We hope that omentun wrapped EHT could provide a valuable strategy for surgically myocardial infarction therapy. Methods MSCs were isolated from SD rats.Eight weeks after SD rats were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) ligation, 18 rats were enrolled and divided into three groups, group A(n=6): great omentum wrapped MSCsPLGA EHT implantation; group B (n=6):MSCsPLGA EHT implantation; control group (n=6): the myocardial infarction; the sham group (n=6): only opened and closed chest, underwent LAD ligation, but no EHT implantation. Four weeks after transplantation, the following variables were evaluated: specimen stained with picrosirius red, left ventricle function evaluated by echocardiography, infarction ventricular wall motion by color kinesis (CK). Results Hearts of group A showed significantly less fibrosis than group B and control group (Plt;0.05). Infarction ventricular wall motion assessed by CK indicated significantly improvement in group A compared with group B and control group (Plt;0.05). Four weeks after transplantation, cardiac echocardiography showed left ventricle ejection fraction was lower in control group and group B compared with group A (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Transplantation of MSCsPLGA EHT with great omentum wrapping ameliorated infarction ventricular collagen remodeling, ameliorated infarction ventricular wall motion and preserved left ventricular function.
Objective To evaluate the physiological function and the anatomic structure of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for the patient withhallux valgus after a remodeling operation with the Keller’s method. Methods From April 2004 to November 2006, the first metatarsophalangeal joints in 11 patients (22 feet) with hallux valgus were remodeled with the Keller’s operation. There were 3 males and 8 females, aged 5173 years. Accordingto the Piggot typing standard, there were 17 feet of type Ⅱ (deflexion) and 5 feet of type Ⅲ (semiluxation). The hallux valgus angles(HVAs) were 2449° (average, 37°). The intermetatarsal angles (IMAs) were 90135° (average, 115°). The curative effect and the anatomic structure were evaluated by the followup and the Xray examination. Results All the cases werefollowed up for 6 to 30 months after operation (average, 14 months). According to the standard of ZHU Li Hua, et al, the results were excellent in 18 feet,good in 3 feet, and poor in 1 foot. The Xray films showed that the first meta tarsophalangeal joint of 14 feet developed mortarlike false articulation, and 8 feet developed partial false articulation. HVAs were 716° (average, 11°).IMAs were 90135° (average, 11.5°). According to the Piggot typing standard, there were 12 feet of typeⅠ(fitter) and 10 feet of type Ⅱ (deflexion). Conclusion For the patients with hallux valgus, the remodeling ofthe first metatarsophalangeal joint by the Keller’s operation can rectify HVA, improve the stability of the joints, and prevent occurrence of the insufficient muscle strength after operation.
Objective To investigate the morphology and biomechanics of in vivo osteogensis after repairing rabbit skull defects with plastic engineered bone which was prefabricated with alginate gel, osteoblasts and bone granules. Methods Twenty-eight rabbits were divided into group A (n=16), group B(n=8) and group C(n=4).The bilateral skull defects of 1 cm in diameter were made. Left skull defects filled with alginate gel-osteoblasts-bone granules(group A1) and right skull defects filled withalginate gel-bone granules(group A2).The defects of group B was left, as blank control and group C had no defect as normal control. The morphological change and bone formation were observed by methods of gross, histology and biomechanics. Results In group A1, the skull defects were almost entirely repaired by hard tissue 12 weeks after operation. The alginate gel-osteoblasts-bone granule material had changed into bone tissue with fewbone granules and some residuary alginate gel. The percentage of bone formation area was 40.92%±19.36%. The maximum compression loading on repairing tissue ofdefects was 37.33±2.95 N/mm; the maximum strain was 1.05±0.20 mm; andloading/strain ratio was 35.82±6.48 N/mm. In group A2, the alginate and bone granules material partially changed into bone tissue 12 weeks after operation. The percentage of bone formation area was 18.51%±6.01%. The maximum compression loading was 30.59±4.65 N; the maximum strain was 1.35±0.44 mm; and the loading/strainratio was 24.95±12.40 N/mm. In group B, the skull defects were mainly repaired bymembrane-like soft tissue with only few bone in marginal area；the percentage of bone formation area was 12.72%±9.46%. The maximum compression loading was 29.5±2.05 N; the maximum strain was 1.57±0.31mm；and the loading/strainratio was 19.90±5.47 N/mm.In group C, the maximum compression loading was 41.55±2.52 N; the maximum strain was 095±017 mm; and the l oading/strain ratio was 47.57±11.22 N/mm. 〖 WTHZ〗Conclusion〓〖WTBZ〗The plastic engineered bone prefabricated with algina te gelosteoblastsbone granule may shape according to the bone defects and ha s good ability to form bone tissue, whose maximum compression loading can reach 89 % of normal skull and the hardness at 12 weeks after operation is similar to that of normal skull.
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of, morphology histology and ultrastructure of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) autograft and two-step cryopreserved ACL allograft after transplantation. METHODS: Sixty New Zealand rabbits and sixty Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: ACL autograft group and two-step cryopreserved ACL allograft group. Immunosuppressant were not used after transplantation. The histology and ultrastructure of the ACL of transplantation and normal knee were observed after 4 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: The rate of remodeling process was faster in ACL autograft than in two-step cryopreserved ACL allograft, but there was similar remodeling process between two groups 12 weeks after transplantation. The proportions of large-diameter fibers(gt; or = 80 nm) of ACL autograft and cryopreserved ACL allograft were 6% and 24% in the 4th week, and were 0 and 2% in the 12th week, respectively. The proportions of small-diameter of fibers(lt; 80 nm) of ACL autogrft and cryopreserved ACL allograft were 94% and 76% in the 4th week, and 100% and 98% in the 12th week, respectively. Histologic incorporation in ACL autograft was similar to that in cryopreserved ACL allograft. CONCLUSION: Two-step cryopreserved bone-ACL-bone allograft were similar to bone-ACL-bone autograft cryopreserved in remodeling process and histology. The rate of remodeling process was faster in ACL autograft than in cryopreserved ACL allograft.
Myocardial remodeling is a common pathological physiology change for a variety of heart diseases under stimulation such as stress or ischemia. The engine body will release a lot of cytokines to promote the change of myocardial structure and ultimately lead to heart failure. Myocardial remodeling includes myocardial cells remodeling and the extracellular matrix remodeling. In recent years, we find that the function of adipose tissue is not only about energy storage, buffering to protect, supporting and filling, but also has a powerful function of secretion. Adipose tissue can secrete various adipocytokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, angiotensin Ⅱ, and so on. Current studies have shown that adipocytokines and myocardial remodeling are intimated. And this article will summarize the function of adipocytokines on myocardial remodeling.
Objective To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) on airway remodeling in obese asthmatic mice and intervention effects of pirfenidone. Methods Seventy-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups, namely a blank control group (group A), an obese group (group B), an obese asthmatic group (group C), a budesonide treatment group (group D) and a pirfenidone treatment group (group E). The mice in the B, C, D, and E groups were fed with high fat diets, then the mice in the C, D, and E groups were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish the model of chronic obese asthma. The mice in group A were fed with normal diets, sensitized and challenged with normal saline. The mice in group D were treated with budesonide (0.5 mg/ml), and the mice in group E were treated with pirfenidone (300 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of treatment, the total number of white cells as well as the percentage of leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. ELISA and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of TGF-β. The pathological changes of mice were observed under light microscope by HE and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Meanwhile the remodeling indices were measured including total bronchial wall area (WAt), smooth muscle area (WAm), and bronchial basement membrane perimeter (Pbm). Results The levels of leukocyte and eosinophils in BALF, expression of TGF-β, WAt/Pbm and WAm/Pbm in group C were higher than those in group A, B, D, and E (allP<0.05). The levels of eosinophils in BALF, WAt/Pbm in group E were lower than those in group D (allP<0.05). The level of TGF-β decreased in a sequence of group C>D>E>B>A (allP<0.05). The expression of TGF-β was in a positive correlation with eosinophil percentage in BALF (r=0.79,P<0.01). Conclusions The expression of TGF-β in the airway of obese asthmatic mice is closely related to airway inflammation, airway hyper-secretion and airway remodeling. Pirfenidone can effectively inhibit the expression of TGF-β and improve airway remodeling.