Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive kidney disorder characterized by low blood levels of potassium and magnesium, decreased excretion of calcium in the urine, and elevated blood pH. The disorder is named for Gitelman, an American nephrologist. He first described it in 1966, after observing a pair of sisters with the disorder. The disorder is caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, resulting in improper function of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride co-transporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. GS was formerly considered a subset of Bartter syndrome until the distinct genetic and molecular bases of these disorders were identified. GS is usually managed by a liberal salt intake together with oral magnesium and potassium supplements. This review aims to establish an initial framework to enable clinical auditing and thus improve quality control of care.