Objective To explore the characteristics and diagnostic values of ultrasound examination of retinoblastoma (RB).Methods The ultrasound and CT features of 210 eyes (162 patients) with pathologically confirmed RB were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ultrasonography image of those RB eyes were all characterized by substantial masses in the posterior segment of the eyeball, shown as spherical, hemispherical and irregular in shape, and even filled the entire eyeball. Calcification within the mass was observed in 197 eyes of 149 patients (92.0%), but not observed in 13 eyes of 13 patients (8.0%).Colorful blood flow signals extended from the central retinal vessels could be seen inside the masses of all patients. Ultrasound diagnosis was consistent with the pathological diagnosis in 92.0% RB cases. CT examination revealed calcified speckles or plaques in 167 eyes from 145 patients (89.5%), consistent with the pathological diagnosis of RB.Conclusions Ultrasonography can show the tumorprime;s shape, size, internal features and the range of orbital involvement. It is a valuable clinical tool in the diagnosis of RB.
Objective To investigate the effect of the 8-bromum-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) on the telomerase activity and changes of cell cycle in retinoblastoma （RB） cells. Methods The cultured RB cells were divided into the experimental group (8-Br-cAMP) and control group. After cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours in vitro, the telomerase activity of RB cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) and the changes of cell cycle were detected by flow-cytometry. Results The difference of telomerase activity was significant between the experimental groups and control group (Plt;0.01). There was a negative correlation between the A value of absorbance and the time in the experimental groups (r=-0.778 9, F=33.936, Plt;0.01). The changes of the cell cycle were that the percentages increased in G1 phase and decreased in S phases. Conclusion 8-Br-cAMP may weaken telomerase activity, affect the cell cycle, and inhibit the proliferation of RB cells. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：358-360)
OBJECTIVE：Observing the clinical and pathological features of Coats disease. METHODS:Reviewing the clinical data and pathologic slides duly confirmed by pathology of 19 cases of Coats disease,which belonging to our college's Laboratory of Ophthalmologic Pathology from 1959 to 1994. RESULTS: 14 males,5 females,aged 1-18 years. More boys were affected than girls in the age group under 10 and that difference between both sexes became gradually less as they grew older. The main pathologic changes were the vascular dilatation and congestion of the outer layer of the retina,the uneven thickness of the vascular walls and the proliferation of the connective tissue. Retinal protuberance was seen in most of the advanced cases.with bleeding and vascular changes on its surfaces. The main pathologic changes were the detachment of retina and the appearance of many foam cells and crystals of cholesterol in the subretnal fluid,and calcification and ossification of the outer layer of the retina were found in some cases. CONCLUSION :Cytological examination of the subretinal fluid might be the liable method in differentiating between the Coats disease and retinoblatstoma. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 157-159）
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical characteristics and survival rate of the patients with extraocular retinoblastoma (RB). MethodsThis is a retrospective case analysis. From November 2003 to May 2015, 38 eyes of 31 patients with RB in the extra-ocular stage from 213 RB patients were enrolled in this study. There were 18 males and 13 females. Bilateral lesions were observed in 7 patients and unilateral lesions were observed in 24 patients.19 patients were diagnosed at less than 2 years old, 10 patients at 2 to 5 years old, and 2 patients at age over 5 years old. First visit time was less than 1 month in 12 patients, from 1 to 3 months in 15 patients, over 3 months to 6 months in 4 patients. Medical history and family history were record at the first visit. All patients underwent orbital CT, MRI, double color Doppler imaging and wide angle digital retinal imaging system. CT and (or) MRI examination detected tumor extraocular invasion. Histopathological examination showed that there were tumor cells invasion of the scleral, optic nerve root and optic nerve. Chemotherapy was done after surgery. In the extra-ocular stage, 3 to 6 rounds of intensive chemotherapy combined with orbital radiotherapy were done. The average follow-up period was (25.5±4.5) months after treatment. The cumulative survival rate was observed after 6 months, 1 and 5 years after treatment, and the relationship between the initial age, time, sex, single eye, tumor and survival time of the patients was analyzed. ResultsThe extraocular RB accounted 14.55% of all RB patients in this study. There is no family history of RB, no special history. There were 15 patients with leukocoria and yellow-white reflection in the pupil; 5 patients with lacrimation, swelling, photophobia and exophthalmos; 11 patients with strabismus. The cumulative survival rate at 6 months, 1, 5 years after treatment was (78.0±9.0)%, (62.0±11.0)%, (57.0±11.0)% respectively. The average survival time was (53.9±7.8) months; the cumulative survival rate was (59.3±11.3)%. When the age of first visit was less than 1 month, 1-3 months, 3-6 months, the median survival time was 78, 15 and 18 months respectively, the cumulative survival rate was 100.0%, (40.0±21.9)% and (25.0±21.7)%, respectively. The survival time of the newly diagnosed patients at 1 month was more than at 1 to 6 months, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.20, P < 0.05). Conclusions14.55% of all RB patients was extraocular RB in this study. One of the most common clinical manifestations is leukocoria at the first visit. The cumulative survival rate of extraocular RB is lower, while the survival rate of patients with the age of first visit time was less than 1 month is higher.
ObjectiveTo observe the application value of RetCam Ⅲ in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB). MethodsThe clinical data of 125 eyes from 94 patients with RB were retrospectively analyzed. According to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, the results of binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and RetCam Ⅲ was compared. The consistency between RetCam Ⅲ and binocular indirect ophthalmoscope was analyzed by Kappa test. The detectable rates of tumor between binocular indirect ophthalmoscope, RetCam Ⅲand B scan ultrasound were comparatively analyzed. ResultsBy binocular indirect ophthalmoscope, there were 18 eyes (14.4%) in stage A, 15 eyes (12.0%) in stage B, 10 eyes (8.0%) in stage C, 28 eyes (22.4%) in stage D, and 54 eyes (43.2%) in stage E. Using RetCam Ⅲ, the classification was 18 eyes (14.4%) in stage A, 16 eyes (12.8%) in stage B, 11 eyes (8.8%) in stage C, 27 eyes (21.6%) in stage D, and 53 eyes (42.4%) in stage E. The RB classification of RetCam Ⅲ was quite consistent with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (Weighted Kappa Coefficient=0.979 8, 95% confidence interval=0.960 1-0.999 5). A total of 150 tumors from stage A-D were observed by binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. In which, 147 tumors (98.0%) were found by RetCam Ⅲ, 122 tumors (81.3%) were found by B scan ultrasound. No serious complication was found in these patients. ConclusionsRetCam Ⅲ can detect RB of different stage in clinic. It is quite consistent with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.