ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of p120-catenin (p120ctn)——a new member of catenin family in tumor research. MethodsDemestic and international published literatures related to p120ctn in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results① p120ctn was involved in formation of cadherincatenin complex, participated in cell growth, proliferation, and adheren junctions. ② p120ctn regulated Rho GTP activity and promoted cell motility. ③ p120ctn was involved in the regulation of gene transcription through binding with the nuclear transcription factor Kaiso. ④ p120ctn was involved in angiogenesis process induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. ⑤ p120ctn was involved in inflammation, cell malignant transformation, and tumor invasion and metastasis. ConclusionsAs a new member of catenin family, p120ctn participates in a variety of biological processes relying on its cellular localization. It will be facilitated to judge the genesis and progression of tumor from the abnormal alteration of p120ctn according to understanding the biological function and mechanism of p120ctn in the molecular level, a new pathway in the prevention and treatment of cancer is provided.
Objective To summarize the advancement on Lewis-Selectin metastasis pathway and anti-tumor treatment of cimetidine in colorectal cancer.Methods Domestic and international publications involving Lewis-Selectin metastasis pathway and antitumor role of cimetidine in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results The expression of sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) was most significant in Lewis-Selectin metastasis pathway in colorectal cancer. Cancer cells could interact with E-selectin and P-selectin of activated vascular endothelial cells by sLeX ligand on the cell surface, thereby prompting invasion and metastasis. Cimetidine could inhibit the growth of tumor, improve immune response of the host to tumor cell, inhibit angiogenesis of tumor and metastasis. The curative effect of cimetidine on colorectal cancer patients with positive sLeX expression was better than that with negative sLeX expression. Conclusion Lewis-Selectin metastasis pathway is one of the important metastasis pathway in colorectal cancer. Cimetidine can prevent metastasis of colorectal cancer by blocking sLeX expression.
ObjectiveTo study the relationship of the expression of CD44v6 and bcl2 protein with histological type,pathological grading and metastasis.MethodsImmunohistochemical technique was used to investigate the expression of CD44v6 and bcl2 in 50 primary gallbladder carcinoma,20 gallbladder adenoma and 10 chronic cholecystitis.ResultsThe positive rate of CD44v6 and bcl2 was 82.0% and 60.0%，which was positively correlated with the histological type,pathological grading and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma(P＜0.05) and was higher than that in gallbladder adenoma (CD44v6 45.0% and bcl2 30.0% respectively).Expression of CD44v6 was significantly correlated with the expression of bcl2(r=0.36,P＜0.05).ConclusionCD44v6 and bcl2 might be an important biologic marker to evaluate the malignancy and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.There might be some extent of coordinated regulation between them.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and distribution of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and its relationship with carcinogenesis, progression and metastatic proclivity. MethodsCatalyzed signal amplification(CSA) immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and in adjacent normal mucosa. Immunoelectromicroscopic ultrastructural localization of CD15s antigen labelled by colloidal gold was also bserved.ResultsThe positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in primary breast cancer was 79.8%(75/94). In adjacent normal mucosa (n=10) CD15s antigen showed weaker staining. The positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ (87.3%) was notably higher than that in grade Ⅰ (69.2%, P＜0.05). In patients with lymph node metastasis, the positive rate of CD15s antigen expression was 90.2%, which was significantly higher than 67.4% in nodes with no metastasis (P＜0.05). CD15s antigen immunoreactivity was mainly localized in the border membrane of cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex and surrounding nuclear membrane in tumor tissue, and in the border membrane of cytoplasm in adjacent normal tissue. Conclusion CD15s antigen is a practical parameter for evaluating the degree of malignancy and lymphatic metastatic proclivity of breast cancer. It can provide a new pathway to investigate the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To study the relationship of the expression of CD44v6 mRNA and nm23H1 mRNA with the clinical pathology parameter and prognosis of breast cancer, and to investigate the correlation of the expression of CD44v6 mRNA and nm23H1 mRNA. Methods In situ hybridization and CSA immunohistochemistry method were used to detect the expression of CD44v6 mRNA and nm23H1 mRNA in 94 cases of breast cancer. Results The positive expression of CD44v6 mRNA and the negative expression of nm23H1 mRNA were positively correlated with the grading, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence and prognosis of breast cancer. CD44v6 mRNA expression and nm23H1 mRNA were negatively correlated in breast cancer. Patients who had positive expression of CD44v6 mRNA and negative expression of nm23H1 mRNA had a higher lymph node metastatic rate and a lower survival rate. Conclusion Several genes were involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer in which the expression of CD44v6 mRNA has synergistic action in negative regulation with that of nm23H1 mRNA. Combined detection of the expression of these two mRNA is helpful to judge the metastasis, recurrence and prognosis of breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the level of cell adhesion molecule sialyl-LeX expression in colorectal carcinoma and its relation with carcinogenesis, differentiation, metastasis and prognosis. Methods Sialyl -LeX expression and its optical density in colorectal carcinoma (n=90) and remote normal mucosa (n=30) were quantitatively studied with microwave-LSAB immunohistochemical method combined with image analysis technique. Fifty-three patients were followed up. Results The weaker staining in remote normal colorectal mucosa was observed in very limited parts of some deep crypts. Positive rate of sialyl-LeX expression was only 16.7%(5/30). The positive expression of sialyl-LeX was observed in 83 of 90 patients with colorectal carcinoma(92.2%). The apical cytoplasma of cancer tubules, the luminal contents, and the cytoplasma of the cancer cells were bly stained. The mean integral optical density of sialyl-LeX positive cell in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in highly differentiated and mucinous ones (Plt;0.01). It was markedly higher in patients with positive lymphatic nodes than that in negative ones (Plt;0.01). With followed-up for longer than 5 years, it was much lower in the alive cases than that in the dead (Plt;0.01). Conclusion These findings indicate that changes of sialyl-LeX expression and its optical density is related to carcinogenesis, differentiation, invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. It may be a good predicter for the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To study the advances in clinical application of shape memory alloy (SMA) in general surgery. Methods The literature in the recent years on the advances of SMA was reviewed. Results At present clinical application of SMA have been developed. Different stents could dilate the benign and malignant stricture of blood vessels, biliary ducts, cola, recta and gastric outlet obstruction. The SMA catheter system was effective for peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy. Novel nitinol basket instrument might be useful for percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. Compression anastomoses was safe and sound in gastrointestinal surgery using a device made of SMA. Nitinol stent could be used in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) with satisfactory results. Nitinol occlusion devices was superior to stainless steel coils. The Simon nitinol filter represented a new generation of venous interruption devices designed to prevent recurrent pulmonary embolism. Conclusion Clinical application of SMA will be increased by the development of endoscope, laparoscope and interventional technique.
ObjectiveTo explore technical essentials and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) guided by gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock for cholecystitis.MethodsA retrospective study of 8 707 continuous patients with mild cholecystitis who underwent LC from July 1998 to February 2018 at a single institution was conducted. Among them, 3 168 patients were treated by the traditional LC from July 1998 to February 2007 (a traditional LC group), 5 539 patients were treated by the LC with the guidance of the gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock from March 2007 to February 2018 (a gallbladder ampulla localization group). The conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding, bile leakage without bile duct injury, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stays were compared between the traditional LC group and the gallbladder ampulla localization group.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the gender, age, course of disease, and type of cholecystitis between these two groups (P>0.050). The rates of conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding, bile leakage without bile duct injury and the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stays in the traditional LC group were 3.00% (95/3 168), 0.13% (4/3 168), 0.09% (3/3 168), 0.03% (1/3 168), (43.6±12.6) min, (18.7±3.3) mL, (3.6±2.7) d, respectively, which in the gallbladder ampulla localization group were 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), 0 (0/5 539), (32.2±10.5) min, (12.4±3.5) mL, (3.5±2.8) d, respectively. The differences of conversion to open surgery, bile duct injury, return to the operating room due to postoperative massive abdominal bleeding rates, and the operative time and intraoperative blood loss were statistically significant between these two groups (P<0.050). The differences of the bile leakage without bile duct injury rate and postoperative hospital stays were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.050).ConclusionThis study shows that gallbladder ampulla localization on an imaginary clock is useful for ductal identification so as to reduce bile duct injury and improve safety of LC in case of no conversion to open surgery.