ObjectiveTo compare the quality of life in the early stage of treatment in patients who accepted renal transplantation with those who still were undergoing long-term hemodialysis. MethodsPatients undergoing long-term hemodialysis in December 2011 and adult patients who planned to accept renal transplantation within 6 months were chosen to be our study subjects. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was used for the study. After 6 months of following up, they were assessed with the same questionnaire again. Those hemodialysis patients who accepted renal transplantation within this period were divided into the intervention group. The quality of life between the two groups was compared then. ResultsA total of 124 end-stage renal failure patients were involved in our study, in which 79 patients successfully accepted renal transplantation (intervention group) and the other 45 patients who still underwent hemodialysis (control group). No other complications were observed during this period. There was no significant difference in life quality between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). Six months after the treatment, SF-36 total score and each of the 8 dimension scores for the intervention group were all significantly higher than those for the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionRenal transplantation recipients have a totally better life quality than those who depend on hemodialysis.