ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of the relationship between vitamin D and the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and relevant clinical translational application researches.MethodsThe related literatures at home and abroad were searched to review the studies on the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D, classic and non-classical effects of vitamin D, and the relationship between vitamin D and the development and progression of HCC, as well as relevant clinical translational application.ResultsVitamin D was an important cytokine that regulated the body’s mineral and bone metabolism, and its anti-proliferation, pro-differentiation, pro-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, immune regulation, and other non-classical effects, had received more and more attentions in recent years. The existing studies had found that vitamin D was closely associated with HCC, which affected the development and progression of HCC through various mechanisms. Epidemiology showed that vitamin D levels were closely related to the prognosis of HCC patients. Whether vitamin D could be used as a clinical prognostic indicator and treatment plan for HCC still needed further clinical evidence to confirm.ConclusionVitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the development and progression of HCC, and exploration of the association between vitamin D and HCC and related clinical translation problems are expected to provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of HCC.