Objective To clone human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2) gene and construct the gene’s eukaryotic expression vector. Methods The total RNA was extracted from human osteosarcoma cells, the human BMP-2 cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into pGEM-T vector. The positive clones were screened out, and the n the recombinant plasmid was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and the analysis of nucleotide sequence. The BMP-2 cDNA in the pGEM-T cloning vec tor was inserted into the pcDNA3.1(+) eukaryotic expression vector. Results The agarose electrophoresis showed that the fragments of BMP-2, pGEMT and pcDNA3.1(+) were 1.2 kbp, 4.0 kbp and 5.0 kbp, respectively. The result of nucleotide sequence confirmed that the cDNA sequence, which was inserted into pGEM-T and pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid was human BMP-2. Conclusion The pcDNA3.1(+)-hBMP-2 eukaryotic vector can be successfully constructed.
Objective To discuss the safety，feasibility，and advantages of two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）．Methods The clinical data of 114 patients underwent LC from June 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed，of which 46 underwent two-port LC （two-port LC group，n=46） and 68 underwent three-port LC （three-port LC group，n=68）. The operation time，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，postoperative hospital stay，and hospitalization expenses were compared between two groups. Results All the operations were successful，no postoperative complications occurred in both groups．The operation time in the two-port LC group was longer than that in the three-port LC group （P＜0.05）. The intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，and postoperative hospital stay had no significant differences in two groups （P＞0.05）. The hospitalization expenses in the two-port group was less than that in the three-port group（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Two-port LC is a safe and feasible operation in the simple gallstone patients. It is cautious in those patients with acute cholecystitis because of the restricted vision and operation．
ObjectivesEchinococcosis is one of the 10 most economically burdened diseases recognized by WHO in the world, and China has the highest prevalence of echinococcosis. Thus, the present study was conducted to systematically review the economic burden of echinococcosis in Chinese population.MethodsDatabases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were electronically searched from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2018 to collect studies on the economic burden of echinococcosis in China. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Excel 2013 software was used for data entry and statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included. The analysis showed that the average cost of echinococcosis was approximately 21 201.85 yuan. The average cost of cystic echinococcosis was approximately 13 817.21 yuan. The average cost of alveolar echinococcosis was approximately 39 880.72 yuan. The average hospitalization cost of echinococcosis generally tended to rise from 2008 to 2018. The average age of patients ranged from 8.6 to 59.21 years, with the average length of stay in hospital was 17.12 days. Many of the included studies showed that patients’ age, length of hospital stay, medical insurance, and therapeutic outcomes have an impact on the economic burden of echinococcosis.ConclusionsThe average hospitalization cost of patients with echinococcosis in China is high and shows an upward trend. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective To discuss the surgical treatment and experience of mesh infection after prosthetic patch repair of inguinal hernia. Methods The clinical data of 67 cases of mesh infection after prosthetic patch repair who were treated in Chao-Yang Hospital from Jan. 2011 to Jun. 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were treated with surgical operation successfully， including removing the infected mesh and surrounding tissues， primary suture， and a placement of wound drainage， without replacement of a new patch substitute. The hospital stay of the patients was 10-25days with an average of 16days. Of the 67 patients， 51 patients got primary healed and the other 16 patients healed delayed after local dressing change due to the superficial infection following stitch removal. Sixty-six patients were followed-up for 6-24 months （average of 20 months） after operation without recurrence and complication， including seroma， wound infection， intestinal fistula， and postoperative pain. Conclusions The treatment of mesh infection after inguinal hernia repair is very complicated， but the primary suture repair and a placement of wound drainage after removing infected mesh with complete debridement is a effective therapy for it.
Objective To explore the pain after discharged in patients with radical total gastrectomy under painless ward management, and to analyze the causes of pain in order to guide the treatment strategy after discharge. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the pain data of 82 patients who underwent radical total gastrectomy in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from December 2015 to April 2017, and the situation of pain was followed-up at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after discharged. Results Mild pain occurred in 25 patients at the 2 weeks after discharged; mild pain occurred in 38 patients and moderate pain occurred in7 patients at the first month after discharged; mild pain occurred in 31 patients and moderate pain occurred in 4 patients at the second month after discharged; 19 patients had mild pain at the third month after discharged. There was no significant difference in pain scores between male patients and female patients, <60 years old patients and ≥60 years old patients, patients’ operative time<180 min and patients’ operative time ≥180 min, patients’ intraoperative blood loss<200 mL and patients’ intraoperative blood loss ≥200 mL at the all time points, including the second week, the first, the second, and the third month after discharge ( P>0.05). Conclusion Painless ward management can effectively control the degree of pain in discharged patients who underwent radical total gastrectomy.
Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of endostar or carboplatin combined with endostar intracavitary perfusion in the treatment of malignant serous cavity effusion. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 78 cancer patients with malignant serous cavity effusion who received paracentesis and intracavitary endostar, or carboplatin combined with endostar in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between November 2011 and November 2016. There were 42 males and 36 females at a median age of 62 years ranging from 17 to 78 years. According to treatment methods, 78 patients were divided into two groups, in which 33 patients received intracavitary endostar combined with carboplatin (a combination group, 15 males and 18 females at a median age of 56 years ranging from 17 to 66 years), and 45 patients received intracavitary endostar (an endostar group, 27 males and 18 females at a median age of 63 years ranging from 38 to 78 years). The efficacy and safety of two methods were analyzed and compared. Results The response rate in the combination group was 75.8%, which was higher than that in the endostar group (60.0%, P=0.035). In quality of life improvement, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.113). The incidence of fatigue, myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions in the endostar group was significantly lower than that of the combination group (P=0.006, 0.000 and 0.017, respectively). Analysis of long-term efficacy revealed that the median time to progress (TTP) in the combination group and endostar group was 171 days and 143 days, respectively (P=0.030). Conclusion Intracavitary infusion of endostar alone, or carboplatin combined with endostar is effective and tolerable for controlling malignant serous cavity effusion. But for the patients with poor physical state who can not tolerant platinum perfusion, intracavitary infusion of endostar alone can be adopted to control malignant serous cavity effusion.
Objectives To explore the efficacy of humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy for the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) after extubation. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016, 487 patients were enrolled. Patients were allocated to two treatment groups randomly, which were humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy group (236 patients, HFM group, aged 55.3±21.1 years old) and routine oxygen therapy group (251 patients, TO group, aged 58.4±19.3 years old). Blood oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), respiratory frequency, incidence rate of reintubation, ventilator-free days, ICU length of stay, and hospital stay were assessed and compared between the HFM group and the TO group. Results The hospital stay was similar in two groups. There were more ventilator-free days in the HFM group (P<0.05), fewer patients required reintubation (4.2%vs. 10.4%, P<0.05) and less ICU length of stay [(10.5±6.1) dvs. (14.3±8.5) d, P<0.05]. PaO2/FiO2 of the HFM group were better than the TO group after extubation at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in respiratory frequency and PaCO2. Conclusions Humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy can supply a better oxygenation for patients after extubation in ICU. It could be a common therapy in ICU for the critically patients after extubation.
Objective To explore the best centrifuge condition for preparing rabbit leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) by using single centrifugation method. Methods Sixteen healthy New Zealand rabbits, aged 3-4 months, were utilized in the investigation. A total of 15 mL anticoagulated blood was extracted from the central ear artery of each rabbit, with a repeat of the blood collection procedure after 1 and 2 months. The obtained blood specimens were individually subjected to centrifugation at a radius of 16.7 cm and speeds of 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, and 1 500 r/min (equivalent to centrifugal forces of 269×g, 315×g, 365×g, and 420×g) for durations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes, resulting in a total of 16 groups. Following centrifugation, collect plasma from each group to a distance of 1.5 mL from the separation plane. The volumes, platelet enrichment coefficient, and platelet recovery rates of LP-PRP in each group, under varying centrifugation conditions, were methodically computed and subsequently compared. Results The volume of LP-PRP obtained under all centrifugation conditions ranged from 1.8 to 7.6 mL. At a consistent centrifugal speed, an extension of centrifugation time leaded to a significant increase in the volume of LP-PRP, accompanied by a declining trend in the platelet enrichment coefficient of LP-PRP. When centrifuged for 2 minutes, the volume of LP-PRP at speeds of 1 200 and 1 300 r/min was less than 2.0 mL, while the volume of LP-PRP obtained under other conditions was more than 2.0 mL. When centrifuged for 4 and 5 minutes, the volume of LP-PRP obtained at each speed was more than 4 mL. LP-PRP with a platelet enrichment coefficient more than 2.0 could be prepared by centrifuging at 1 200 r/min for each time group and 1 300 r/min for 2 and 3 minutes, and the highest LP-PRP platelet enrichment coefficient could be obtained by centrifugation for 2 minutes at a speed of 1 200 r/min. The platelet recovery rates of LP-PRP obtained by centrifugation at 1 200 r/min for 4 and 5 minutes, as well as centrifugation at 1 400 r/min for 5 minutes, were both greater than 60%. There was no significant difference between the groups when centrifuged at 1 200 r/min for 4 and 5 minutes (P>0.05). Conclusion In the process of preparing rabbit LP-PRP using a single centrifugation method, collecting 15 mL of blood and centrifuging at a radius of 16.7 cm and speed of 1 200 r/min for 4 minutes can prepare LP-PRP with a volume exceeding 2.0 mL, platelet enrichment coefficient exceeding 2.0, and platelet recovery rate exceeding 60%. This centrifugal condition can achieve the optimal LP-PRP action parameters in the shortest possible time.