ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the autoimmune encephalitis (AE) seizure types and EEG characteristics and the value of diagnosis. MethodsFifteen AE patients were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology at the First Hospital of Jilin University from November 2012 to July 2014. Data from their clinical manifestations, seizure types, EEG characteristics and laboratory investigation were analyzed. ResultA total of 15 patients, 5 males and 10 females, aged 19-75 years were included. Eight cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, five cases of LGI1 receptor encephalitis and two cases of anti-Hu antibody encephalitis were diagnosed clinically.①Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis:seven patients had seizures, which inclued complex partial seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizure, simple partial seizure and status epilepticus.Three patients had extreme delta brush.②LGI1 receptor encephalitis:two cases had seizures, while four cases with FBDS. Sharp and slow waves with irregular delta waves appeared in bilateral temporal areas in EEG of three cases, while one case showed clinical seizure. Two cases detected "limb shaking and others" attack, but the corresponding EEG showed no abnormalities.③Anti-Hu antibody encephalitis:one case showed seizures, the EEG showed a lot of sharp and slow waves with irregular delta waves in bilateral temporal areas, while one case showed sharp and slow waves. ConclusionAnti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can present with various types of seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus, interictal extreme delta brush is more specific. It has important value. LGI1 receptor encephalitis is characterized by FBDS, it has important clinical significance.Anti-Hu antibody encephalitis lesions diffuse distribution, clinical manifestations are different. It may be associated with seizures, seizure types are not-specific.It may have slow waves or sharp and slow waves.
Objective To explore the damage, damage model and influence factors of the empathy ability on patients with epilepsy by the Chinese version of interpersonal reaction index scale (IRI-C). Methods Eighty-eight non-symptomatic epilepsy patients who were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and 100 healthy controls were included in the study from March 2015 to January 2016. Patients with serious cognitive impairment and severe anxiety or depression were ruled out through neural psychology background screening (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton anxiety and depression scale) due to their influence on empathy scores. Thereafter the empathy ability was compared between epilepsy patients and healthy controls using the IRI-C, and the effect of seizure type on empathy ability was analyzed. According to the epileptic seizure types of generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), patients were divided into 3 groups: non-GTCS group (simple or complex partial seizure, n=17), pure GTCS group (only primary GTCS attack, n=23) and SGS group (partial onset secondary GTCS,n=48). The control group included 100 healthy participants. In order to ensure the balance of sample size, 30 samples are randomly selected from SGS and control groups respectively for statistical analysis. Then patients were divided in two groups according to whether he/she has complex partial seizure (CPS), and 30 patients in each group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0 software package. Results ① The total IRI-C Empathy scores, Cognitive empathy (CE) and two factors of the patients in epilepsy group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference in Emotional Empathy (EE) and two factors between groups (P>0.05). ②ANOVA showed the points of CE (include two factors) and total scores of empathy mean different between the four groups (P<0.05), and EE (include two factors) scores were no statistically significant differences between the four groups (P>0.05). The CE scores were differences between the GTCS group, pure GTCS group and SGS group. The scores of the perspective-taking was statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the pure GTCS group and the SGS group. The scores of perspective-taking of SGS group were lower than the other groups (P<0.05) . In other words, the scores of the perspective-taking of SGS group were lower than those of the other three groups, and the CE scores were lower than the GTCS group and the control group. ③ The opinion selection, imagination, CE and total empathy score of CPS group were all worse than that of non-CPS group (P<0.05). Conclusions The empathy ability of epilepsy patientswere impaired in CE, but reserved in EE Epileptic subtype CPS and GTCS were risk factors of the decline in empathy ability in epilepsy patients.