Objective To investigate the medical technical services of the primary health care institutions in Chengdu and provide suggestions to improve their capability. Methods From October to November 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted towards all the 390 primary health care institutions (including urban community health service centers and rural township health centers) in the 22 districts/cities/counties of Chengdu. Descriptive statistical methods was used for analysis. Results A total of 390 questionnaires were issued, and 379 valid questionnaires were recovered. In the primary health care institutions, the proportion of laboratory technicians, ultrasound technicians, electrocardiogram technicians and radiological technicians accounting for overall medical staffs was 3.32%, 2.04%, 1.75%, and 2.43%, respectively. The setup rate of laboratory, B-ultrasonic room, electrocardiogram room in the urban community health service centers was 94.02%, 93.16%, and 94.02%, respectively, which was similar with the rural township health centers (93.51%, 95.42%, and 90.08%, respectively). The top three medical technical services provided by the primary health care institutions were blood glucose test (96.04%), blood routine test (95.25%) and urinary routine test (95.25%), and the latter three were lung function test (18.21%), blood gas analysis (8.18%) and CT (5.28%). Conclusion Primary health care institutions in Chengdu need to improve the standardization of medical technical projcects and improve their service capability.