Myopia has become a major problem that threatens human health worldwide. Complications caused by high myopia are one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness. As a chronic disease that seriously threatens ocular health in the clinical practice and public health fields, the prevention and control of high myopia should actively promote a tertiary prevention strategy, and take advantages of the latest fundus imaging technology and big data technology, artificial intelligence to explore the evolution mechanism of “myopia→high myopia→pathological myopia”. Special efforts should be focused on the establishment of a scientific myopia prediction model, implementation of effective high myopia monitoring and management, and early detection and treatment of complications of high myopia to reduce the incidence of low vision and blindness.
The Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration in China (2023) is the first evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in China that strictly follows the WHO guideline formulation and international guideline standards. Based on the latest evidence-based medical evidence and the rapid development of ocular fundus imaging technology, the new version of the guidelines has been updated in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AMD. Based on the origin and presence of neovascularization in retinal tissue, the macular neovascularizations are divided into type 1, type 2 and type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) plus OCT angiography is recommended as the useful diagnostic method in neovascular AMD patients. Antioxidant vitamins, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, or a mix of antioxidant vitamins and minerals are recommended to prevent the progression of early to intermediate AMD. Intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is the first-line treatment for neovascular AMD, and once a month for the first 3 months plus treatment and prolonged administration regimen shows benefit to a certain extent. For poor response and non-response neovascular AMD patients, the clinician should decide the next treatment plan based on comprehensive consideration. Close observation is recommended for non-exudative MNV, and anti-VEGF therapy should be used promptly once non-exudative MNV transfer to exudative MNV. It is hoped that this guideline will improve the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and follow-up of AMD in China.