Myopic foveoschisis is a disease caused by abnormal vitreoretinal interface status and progressive posterior scleral staphyloma. Its occurrence and development are associated with centripetal traction (posterior vitreous cortex, internal limiting membrane and stiff retinal vessel) and centrifugal traction (increasing axial lengths and posterior scleral staphyloma). Currently vitrectomy is the major option to treat this condition as it can alleviate or eliminate centripetal and centrifugal traction. However as myopic foveoschisis is a life-long progressive degenerative disease, often with abnormalities in retinal pigment epithelium, choroid and sclera; the therapeutic effect of current surgical strategy (vitrectomy or scleral surgery, or combined surgery) is limited and unsatisfactory. A full assessment macular structure, function and related factors before surgery is helpful to predict the anatomical and functional prognosis.