ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on surgical site infection (SSI) in patients underwent abdominal surgery with general anesthesia. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2,2015), CBM, VIP, WanFang Data and CNKI were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about perioperative supplemental oxygen administration versus normal FiO2 in patients underwent abdominal surgery with general anesthesia from inception to March, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 13 RCTs involving 3 532 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that: the incidence of SSI in the perioperative supplemental oxygen administration group was lower than that in the control group (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.99, P=0.04). There were no significiant differences between both groups in incidence of atelectasis, incidence of infection requiring reoperation and 30-day mortality after surgery (all P values >0.05). ConclusionPerioperative supplemental oxygen administration could further decrease the risk of SSI in patients underwent abdominal surgery with general anesthesia, and does not increase the risk of other adverse events. Due to the limitations of quality of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.