Cancer remains a great challenge for mankind. The complex and diverse phenotypes, mechanisms, as well as therapeutic responsiveness of cancer have gradually been understood since the second half of the 20th century, which was a representative of entering the molecular era of oncology research. In 2000, the groundbreaking review “Hallmarks of Cancer” came out and it had been updated to the third version with 14 characteristics of cancer in 2022. These series of reviews helped to distil the increasingly complicated concepts of oncology into a logical science, which contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms for cancer genesis and development and applying the knowledges to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Mastering, applying, and exploring the hallmarks of cancer will help us face the challenges of cancer more confidently in the future.
Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) is a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine have shown some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines are not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center /Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University was established to develop evidence-based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta-analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients’ preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi-based consensus meetings. These recommendations include disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.