Objectives To describe the mechanism of means testing used in health programs for targeting poor population and to describe how the authors have assessed effects of means testing approaches where applicable. Method We searched 24 electronic resources which included evidence-based, health, economic and social databases, 7 international institution websites, grey literature review resources and Google. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers separately, and the differences were discussed by the third person or a review group. We systematically analyzed the included studied by theme analysis method from different dimensions. We also described the evaluation outcomes by the authors. Result A total of 10244 records were searched, and 58 studies were included after screening by title, abstract and full texts. A total of 13 studies described verified means testing (VMT) conducted as a targeting method in the US; simple testing method (SMT) was conducted in 16 countries; 26 studies described how proxy means testing (PMT) was used in 14 countries; andmixed means testing (MA) was conducted in 14 countries. Means testing as a targeting method was widely used in four health programs which included health insurance, cash transfer, provision of free health service and fee structure. The target population was poor. Only few studies analyzed the outcomes of means testing; 3 studies analyzed under-coverage and 11studies analyzed leakage as their indicators. Scare cost information could be obtained from the included studies. Conclusion Means testing is widely used in various health programs for targeting the eligible population in distributing benefits, especially in developing countries. Targeting as a means for allocating health resources is particularly important in LMICs for their constraints in budgets available for health. Meanwhile, a universal coverage strategy has become a worldwide issue, and how current health resources can be used equitably and efficiently is a concern from the policy practice. Means testing, as one of the tools in targeting eligible population, would help in this process.
【 Abstract 】 Objective To investigate the clinical effects of targeting therapy with iodine-131 labeled monoclonal antibody for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The related published literatures were reviewed and summarized. Results The reasonable application of targeting therapy with iodine-131 labeled monoclonal antibody could improve the prognosis for patients with HCC especially for some primary HCC. It was used in various kinds of HCC patients with no severe side effects. ConclusionThe targeting therapy with iodine-131 labeled monoclonal antibody may be considered as a safe and effective method to treat HCC and an adjuvant therapy for liver surgery.
ObjectiveTo construct tumor specific tubercle bacillus antigen Ag85A gene lentiviral vector driven by murine telomerase catalytic subunit promoter (PmTERT), paving the way for further research in tumor targeting immuno-gene therapy. MethodsPmTERT was amplified by PCR method, with murine genomic DNA as template. Then, transcriptional activities of PmTERT in various murine and human cell strains were studied by luciferase assay. Ag85A expression lentiviral vectors driven by cytomegalo virus (CMV) promoter and PmTERT respectively (pLVX-Ag85ACMV and pLVX-Ag85A-PmTERT) were constructed with nucleic acid cloning approach. And above recombinants were verified with DNA sequencing and Western blot. ResultsLucifease assay revealed that 331 bp PmTERT cloned in present research had transcriptional activity in murine Lewis lung cancer cells, human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549, and human esophageal cancer cells EC-109, while no transcriptional activity in murine fibroblasts NIH3T3 and human embryo fibroblasts MRC-5. Western blot revealed expression of Ag85A in pLVX-Ag85A-CMV transfected Lewis and NIH3T3 cells, pLVX-Ag85A-PmTERT transfected Lewis cells, no expression in pLVX-Ag85A-PmTERT transfected NIH3T3 cells. ConclusionPmTERT has tumor specific transcriptional activity. Ag85A gene can express selectively in tumor cells, driven by PmTERT.
Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs) have great application potential in biomedical fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drugs, magnetothermal therapy and gene delivery. MFNPs can migrate under the action of a magnetic field and target specific cells or tissues. However, to apply MFNPs to organisms, further modifications on the surface of MFNPs are required. In this paper, the common modification methods of MFNPs are reviewed, their applications in medical fields such as bioimaging, medical detection, and biotherapy are summarized, and the future application directions of MFNPs are further prospected.