Objective To elucidate the new concept and theory of neurorestoratology. Methods With the review of the development course and important research works in the field of neurorestoratology during the 20th century, especially recent 30 years, the regularity summary, science and technology philosophy induction, and theory distillation were carried out in this article. Results The new discipl ine system was brought forward as follows: ① Definition: neurorestoratology was asub-discipl ine of neuroscience which studies neural regeneration, neural structural repair of replacement, eruroplasticity and neuromodulation. The core purpose was to promote neural functional recovery of all neural degenerative diseases and damages. ② One central task and two basic points: to recover neurological function was the central research task all the time and the two basic points were the precl inical (basic) neurorestoration and the cl inical neurorestoration. ③ Four rationale of the discipl ine: l imited renovation, relearning, insufficient reserve, and l ifelong reinforcement. ④ Five major factors of neurorestoratology (5N’s dogma): neuroregeneration, neurorepair, neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, neurorehabil itation. “Neuroprotection” appeared to be included in the broad definition. ⑤ Four-step rule of neurorestoratology: structural neurorestoration, signal neurorestoration, rehabil itative neurorestoration, and functional neurorestoration. ⑥ Emphasize that translational medicine from lab to bed in neurorestoration. Conclusion The discipl ine of neurorestoratology has the vast development prospectand will be sure to increase the rapid progress of the basic and cl inical restorative neuroscience.
Onehealth, an evidence-based decision-making software, is based on the United Nations' epidemiological reference modules to predict the effect of health services. Onehealth is a large database. The software is using activitybased costing, simulating investment costs of health system and changes of mortality in different coverage levels. By the cost of inputs/avoid deaths, it could quantify the cost of health services effectiveness and provide an intuitive basis for the rational allocation of health resources. This study introduces the relevant concepts, model structures and applications of Onehealth. We took the study of child nutrition interventions in Sudan for example and to present Onehealth tool's operating. As a new auxiliary and evidence-based decision-making software with scientific and rigorous theoretical approach, Onehealth has practical significance on the national or regional macro decision-making.
Objective To explore the influencing factors and improving measures of hand hygiene among healthcare workers. Methods From June to August 2016, several healthcare workers from clinical departments and nosocomial infection control department in Chengdu were selected by purposive sampling method. Data was collected by individual in-depth interviews, and was three-rank coded by Nvivo 8 software based on Grounded Theory. Results After three-rank coding, 6 important influencing factors were generalized which were re-categorized into 3 levels: personal cognition, behavior capacity and social support. At the last, the whole framework of the theory was constructed through core coding. Conclusion In clinical practice, we should take reasonable measures to strengthen the training of hand hygiene, improve the hand hygiene facilities, strengthen supervision and management, and effectively improve the implementation rate of hand hygiene.
Implementation science is a new field that aims to scale up and sustain the application of evidence-based practice. It primarily studies the dissemination, adoption, evaluation, and improvement, etc. of the implementation process of evidence-based practice. In recent years, tens of implementation theories, frameworks and models have been developed. We systematically collected 41 of them and classified them into several categories. The first is the classical theories which are extended from the traditional social science and used as the predecessors of the implementation science. The second category is the implementation science frameworks/models that are derived from the first category, and can be divided into four groups: 1) the implementation models that explain the law of a certain aspect in the implementation; 2) the implementation determinants frameworks that summarize and classify the implementation determinants; 3) the process models that discuss how research translates into practice; 4) the evaluation models that evaluate the implementation and outcome. The implementation science theories can provide implementation researchers with valuable guidance for development of implementation strategies and evaluation of implementation outcomes.