Objective To review the expression of mechano-growth factor (MGF) and its roles in tissue repairs andregeneration. Methods The l iterature about the expression of MGF and its roles in tissue repairs and regeneration in recentyears was reviewed. Results MGF is sensitive to mechanical stimulation and can be expressed in various tissues/cells. MGF isresponsible for satell ite cell activation, myoblast proliferation, and plays important roles in the treatment of muscle coloboma,prevention of myocardial injury, and neuroprotection. Conclusion The important role of MGF in tissue repairs andregeneration has been identified, however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear up to now and still need a further study.
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are a class of discoid extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40—100 nm discovered in recent years. They contain abundant nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, and have abundant biological information. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells regulate cell activities by acting on receptor cells, and promote regeneration of many tissues, such as bone, cartilage, skin, intervertebral disc, and spinal nerves. Studies have shown that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have similar biological functions as mesenchymal stem cells, and are more stable and easier to be preserved. Therefore, they have been increasingly applied in the field of orthopedic tissue repair in recent years. This paper reviews the application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in orthopedics.