ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pediatric medical transport network on transport and treatment for children in Sichuan province. MethodA total of 4647 pediatric patients transported to West China Second University Hospital were recruited from January 2011 and December 2013 in our study, among whom 1 948 were admitted before the establishment of the transport network (January 2011 to August 2012) and 2 699 were admitted after the establishment of the transport network (September 2012 to December 2013). Transport modes, patient disposition and fatality were analyzed to evaluate the role of transport network in the transport and treatment for pediatric patients. ResultsThe transported patients increased significantly after the establishment of transport network (an average of 97 cases increased to 169 cases per month). After transport network was established, valid communication and telephone contact also increased significantly (the proportion increased from 20.64% to 45.28%, P<0.001). There were significant differences in the composition of patients' destination after the establishment of the transport network (P<0.001). After the establishment of transport network, the patients' hospitalized rate and admission rate increased dramatically (from 17.86% to 37.53%, 12.11% to 41.13%, respectively). The fatality decreased from 6.83% to 3.04% (P<0.001). ConclusionsRegional pediatric transport network will contribute to the treatment of pediatric patients within the region, and decrease fatality.