Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it is relatively rare, it is extremely malignant, with poor treatment effect. The current treatment for primary lesions can achieve ideal local control, but there are still nearly half of the patients with distant metastasis. This article reviews the epidemiology, genetic status, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of uveal melanoma in combination with recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
In the research process of uveal melanoma (UM), the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is a landmark and outstanding clinical study. Its research conclusions are the foundation for today's UM clinical work and guidelines. COMS is the first and largest randomized clinical trials conducted to date, comparing the survival outcomes of two or more treatment regimens for primary malignant intraocular tumors with high reliability. Its research design, methods, and conclusions are still widely cited in this day. Learning from the research experience of COMS, summarizing research data based on Asian populations, and studying treatment methods suitable for Asian UM patients is a powerful supplement to COMS data, but also an expansion of this global research, further improving the level of UM diagnosis and treatment in China.