ObjectiveTo investigate the factors affecting the results of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from 80 pregnant women of prior cesarean section with intention of vaginal delivery between October 2012 and July 2013. According to the final way of delivery, the 80 women were divided into two groups, the VBAC group (40 cases) and repeated cesarean section (RCS) group (40 cases). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared and further multi-variant analysis was conducted. Besides, 40 women with successful repeated vaginal delivery were included as controls. The delivery time and bleeding volume were compared between the VBAC group and the control group. ResultsThe three determinant factors associated with the present VBAC were: Arrested labor as the indication of prior cesarean section [OR=1.601, 95%CI (1.025, 2.469), P=0.04], Bishop Score [OR=3.757, 95%CI (1.437, 8.772), P=0.01] and infant weight [OR=1.391, 95%CI (1.124, 2.583), P=0.03]. The VBAC group presented a higher Episiotomy rate than the RCS group. No significant difference was found between the VBAC and the control group regarding the delivery time [(6.71±2.94) vs. (5.88±2.47) hours, P=0.176] and bleeding volume [(259.13± 75.31) vs. (230.36±67.44) mL, P=0.076]. ConclusionVBAC presents a better and faster recovery with a shorter hospital stay. But the indication of VBAC should be strictly followed to ensure the safety of both mothers and babies.