This article interprets the version 3. 2018 of NCCN guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Compared with the version 9. 2017 of the guidelines, the new version has been updated based on the latest evidence-based evidence, laying the emphasis on genotyping and targeted therapy, and standardizes the principles of pathological evaluation and molecular detection, systematically recommends treatment after resistance to targeted therapy, and specifies the population with driver gene alterations for immunotherapy. All of which could guide clinical practice with higher efficacy more precisely.