Objective To observe the effect of the treatment of neodymium-yttrium aluminum garne (Nd:YAG) vitreolysis for the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.Methods Forty-nine eyes of 47 patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens received the slitlamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B-scan. The anterior vitreolysis and posterior capsulotomy were performed simultaneously with Nd :YAG laser. The outcomes of visual acuitiy changes and complications were studied.Results In 49 eyes, 46 had anterior vitreous opacity associated with posterior capsule opacification, and the other 3 without obvious posterior capsule opacification. In all patients, the visual acuity improved significantly without any complications after the laser procedure (t=32.50, P=0.007). After Nd:YAG laser treatmen, transparent area was found in anterior opaque vitreous in 21 eyes (42.86%) within 15 minutes, and in 47 eyes (95.92%) within 24 hours. No complication occured in or after the operation.Conclusions In the patients with visual deterioration after implantation of intraocular lens, the prescence of anterior vitreous opacity should be concerned. Opening the opaque anterior vitreous with Nd:YAG vitreolysis is effective for the patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：106-108)