Objective To evaluate whether to defer abdomen surgery in patients having poorly controlled or untreated hypertension before operation. MethodsThe perioperative clinical data of 531 patients with hypertension in our hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 was retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe modility of perioperative hypertensive events was not significantly different, between controlled and uncontrolled patients with grade one and grade two（Pgt;0.05）. In grade three and systolic hypertension, certain complications in patients with poorly controlled hypertension were higher than in those with wellcontrolled hypertension（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The patients with grade one and grade two hypertension are not at increased operative risk. In patients with grade three and systolic hypertension, perioperative complications are increased and elective surgery should be postponed until their blood pressure is brought under 24/14.7 kPa （180/110 mm Hg） over 1 to 2 weeks.
Objective To extract and identify primary culture rat pulmonary arterial smooth cells ( PASMCs) , and investigate the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation of PASMCs. Methods Rat PASMCs were separated by the method of tissue block anchorage, and the cellular morphology was observed under light microscope. The cells were identified by projection electron microscopy, and α-smooth muscle actin ( α-SMactin)in the cells was identified by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The primary cultured PASMCs were exposed to normoxic and/ or hypoxia condition for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours respectively, thenMTT assay and PCNA ( proliferating cell nuclear antigen) immunohistochemistry were used to detect the proliferation of PASMCs. Results The cells tended to be long spindle and grew in the “peak-valley”mode under light microscope. Immunology results showed that endochylema was stained in brownish yellow, and the positive rate was beyond 96% . There were dense patch, dense body and many filaments in endochylema under projection electron microscopy. MTT assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs expose to hypoxia were higher than that of nomoxia. Comparing with normoxia, the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 12 hours ( P lt;0. 05) , significantly increased after 24 hours ( P lt;0. 01) . Compared with 2 hours’exposure to hypoxia, the A values increased after 12 hours( P lt; 0. 05) , markedly increased after 24 hours ( P lt; 0. 01 ) , which after 48 hours was similar with 24 hours. The result of PCNA immunohistochemistry was consistent with that of MTT. Conclusions The tissue explants adherent method is simple and convenient, and can easily obtain rat PASMCs with high purity and stability. Hypoxia canpromote the proliferation of PASMCs.
Objective To investigate the effect of subretinal fluid (SRF) with different grades of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) on bcl-2 oncoprotein expression in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and fib roblast (FB)． Methods Using immunohistological staining technique and Western-blotting method to detect the expression of bcl-2 protein in RPE cells and FB under the stimulation of SRF． Results The expression levels of bcl-2 increased in both types of cells to a certain extent compared with those of the control group 4 hours after the cells subjected to SRF； 36 hours later, the expression levels of bcl-2 of experimental groups decreased more quickly than those of the control group， and the control group showed relatively higher bcl-2 protein levels at the end of observation． Conclusions SRF may stimulate the e xpression of bcl-2 in RPE cells and FB under culture at early stage, but accel arate the declining of bcl-2 protein levels a certain time after subjected to SRF． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:58-60)
Objective To discuss the safety and effectiveness of removing esophageal foreign bodies in children by using Foley catheter. Method Retrospective analysis on the effect, operation method, complication and the types of foreign bodies of 138 cases of removing esophageal foreign bodies in children by using Foley catheter, which happened from January 1998 to January 2008 in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu. Result Among these 138 cases with esophageal foreign bodies, 126 cases (91.3%) were successfully taken out by using Foley catheter without anaesthesia, 7 cases were applied esophagoscopy under general anaesthesia, and 5 cases were cured owing to the slipping of foreign body into stomach. The operating time for Foley catheter was 5.1 minutes in average, and there’s no complicating disease in any case. The hard esophagoscope operation lasted for 15 minutes in average and one case was accompanied by dyspnea. The foreign bodies in 138 cases were coin (98 cases), button (14 cases), chess and I-go piece (13 cases), key-ring (4 cases), plastic bottle cap (3 cases), oblate battery (3 cases) and ring (3 cases), respectively. Conclusion Foley catheter is safe and effective for removing esophageal obtuse-rounded foreign bodies in children.
【摘要】 目的 拟初步建立孕28~34周的双胎胎儿生长参数超声测量值的正常范围，比较晚孕期单、双胎妊娠胎儿的宫内生长发育模式。 方法 对2009年5月-2010年4月超声诊断为正常宫内双活胎、单活胎孕妇，采用超声测量胎儿相关生长发育指标，包括双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨长等，测量其中部分双胎的小脑横径并应用虚拟器官计算机辅助分析技术测量其小脑容积，比较晚孕期单、双胎胎儿生长发育的差异。 结果 ①自妊娠30周以后，双胎胎儿的双顶径发育速度比单胎胎儿延缓，单、双胎胎儿平均每周增长分别约2.3、1.7 mm；②自妊娠32周以后， 双胎胎儿的头围的发育速度比单胎胎儿延缓，单、双胎胎儿平均每周增长分别约6.7、5.8 mm；③自妊娠30周以后， 双胎胎儿的腹围的发育速度比单胎胎儿延缓，单、双胎胎儿平均每周增长分别约6.9、5.3 mm；④双胎胎儿股骨长从孕28~34周发育速度均较单胎胎儿缓慢，单、双胎胎儿平均每周增长分别约2.0、1.7 mm；⑤多元分析孕28~34周的双胎胎儿双顶径、头围、腹围和股骨长，相对于单胎胎儿而言，自28周起，双胎妊娠胎儿的生长发育较延缓；⑥自孕28~34周，双胎胎儿小脑横径、小脑容积与单胎胎儿无明显差异。 结论 双胎妊娠胎儿与单胎妊娠胎儿在晚孕期有着不同的生长发育规律。【Abstract】 Objective To initially establish the growth parameters of normal twin pregnancy in 28-34 gestational ages according to the ultrasound measurement, and to compare the intrauterine growth patterns between the singleton and twin pregnancy. Methods The relevant index of the twin pregnancy, including the biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length, head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), were measured. The transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) was measured and the virtural organ computer-aided analysis was used to detect the fetal cerebellar volume (FCV). The intrauterine growth patterns between the singleton and twin pregnancy was compared. Results After the gestational age of 30 weeks, the mean values of BPD of the twins pregnancies (1.7 mm) were lower than those of the singleton pregnancies (2.3 mm). After the gestational age of 32 weeks, the mean value of HC of the twins pregnancies (5.8 mm) was lower than that of the singleton pregnancies (6.7 mm). After the gestational age of 30 weeks, the mean values of AC of the twins pregnancies (5.3 mm) were lower than those of the singleton pregnancies (6.9 mm). After the gestational age of 28 weeks, the mean value of FL of the twins pregnancies (1.7 mm) was lower than the singleton pregnancies (2.0 mm). After the gestational age of 28 weeks, the growth of twin pregnancy fetuses is more slowly. After the gestational age of 28-34 weeks, the differences in mean values of TCD and FCV between the twin pregnancy and singleton pregnancy was not significant. Conclusion The twin pregnancy and singleton pregnancy have different growth patterns in the third trimester pregnancy.
Objective To understand pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), and to provide some new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and exploration of scientific research for it. Method The relevant literatures of the latest research on MBC were reviewed and analyzed. Results At present, the pathogenesis of the MBC was still uncertain. The incidence of the MBC was lower, and it’s clinical manifestations were not specific. Compared with the invasive breast cancer, the tumor diameter was larger, the growth was faster, the differentiation degree was lower, the risks of the local and distant metastases were higher, while the lymph node metastasis was rare. Because of the clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, and imaging examinations were lack of specificity, the diagnosis was difficult. Although the preoperative puncture could provide a reliable diagnosis evidence, it was difficult for distinguishing and accurate diagnosis due to it’s more subtypings. Some of the specific molecular targets could provide a help for it. At present, the modified radical mastectomy was often performed, the axillary lymph node metastasis was relatively rare in the MBC, so the sentinel lymph node biopsy was more important in the treatment of the MBC. The therapeutic effect was limited by the endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and was poor by the systemic chemotherapy. Although the radiotherapy and chemotherapy could improve the overall survival and prolong the disease-free survival and control the local recurrence, the difference of it’s therapeutic effect was great due to the complex MBC typing. Conclusions MBC is a highly malignant and strongly invasive tumor, and it has more subtypings. Clinical manifestation and preoperative examination are lack of specificity, hence it is easy for misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Unified treatment guideline is lack of, prognosis is poor. So, it needs to explore some new treatment methods and formulate standardized treatment guidelines in order to achieve a better therapeutic effect.
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women. Typically, the operation of breast cancer should include breast surgery and axillary lymph node surgery since breast cancer first metastasizes to regional axillary lymph nodes. However, postoperative breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) in upper limb is the most common long-term complication. The injury to upper limb lymphatic system contributes to causing the postoperative BCRL. Therefore, precision medicine in the extent of axillary lymph node surgery plays an important role in preventing BCRL which can improve the quality of life in breast cancer patients.
Mitral stenosis includes mitral stenosis due to rheumatic fever and non-rheumatic valve stenosis characterized by degenerative changes. Rheumatic mitral stenosis is common in developing countries and occurs in young adults, while degenerative mitral stenosis is common in developed countries and increases in incidence with aging. Mitral stenosis of different etiologies can lead to changes in heart structure and function, which affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients, so lifelong management of mitral stenosis is crucial. This article provides a comprehensive reference for clinicians in the management of mitral stenosis, with a detailed overview of the emerging prevalence features, imaging diagnosis, and treatment methods.
Objective To present and summarize the data concerning the diagnosis and treatment of popliteal aneurysm in our hospital. Methods The data of popliteal aneurysm in our hospital from 1975 to 2004 were reviewed and analyzed. Eleven patients with 11 diseased limbs were treated, including 8 males and 3 females, age from 21 years to 64 years 〔(48.54±13.66) years〕. The combined diseases include syphilis, rheumatic heart disease and chronic obstructire pulmonary disease etc. Ten patients received operations, including endoaneurysmorrhaphy (n=4) and graft bypass after aneurysmal resection (n=6), through posterior approach (n=7) or medial approach (n=3). One patient, combined with advanced syphilis and heart failure, received conservative treatment because of his poor general condition. Results The common clinical manifestations included popliteal pulsating mass, claudication, difficulty in extension of the knee, pain etc. Acute ischemia occurred in 3 limbs. The diameter of popliteal aneurysms varied from 4-13 cm 〔（6.73±2.69) cm〕. There were 3 (27.3%) cases of ruptured aneurysms whose diameters were 7 cm, 7 cm and 11 cm respectively. Special examinations included arteriography and Doppler sonography. Pathological results of these patients were pseudoaneurysm (n=3), syphilitic aneurysm (n=3) and atherosclerotic aneurysm (n=4). Two patients were not followed up, and postoperative follow up of the other 8 patients ranged from 18 months to 30 years. In the group of endoaneurysmorrhaphy, postoperative gangrene of the affected limb occurred in one patient, and above-knee amputation was performed. One patient suffered from intermittent claudication in the group of endoaneurysmorrhaphy and of graft bypass respectively. No manifestations of limb ischemia were found in the other 5 patients during the time of follow up. Conclusion General utilization of Doppler sonography in screening high risk patients might be helpful to detect popliteal aneurysm. For symptomatic popliteal aneurysm or asymptomatic popliteal aneurysm with diameter larger than 3 cm, operation is indicated. Asymptomatic popliteal aneurysms no more than 3 cm in diameter could be monitored with care.
ObjectiveTo review retrospectively our experience of the diagnosis and surgical treatment in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).MethodsThe diagnosis and surgical treatment in 72 patients 〔62 men, 10 women; mean age (67.5±9.3) years)〕 with AAA from January 1995 to February 2004 were analyzed. Fifty-eight patients with infrarenal AAA and 2 patients with suprarenal AAA underwent elective graft replacement operation; 12 patients with ruptured AAA underwent urgent graft replacement operation. ResultsFiftyeight patients with infrarenal AAA and 2 patients with suprarenal AAA were cured and 2 patients with infrarenal AAA died of multiple organ failure after elective graft replacement operation, the 30day mortality rate in patients with infrarenal AAA after elective operation was 3.45%. Seven patients were cured and 5 patients died of multiple organ failure after urgent graft replacement operation, the 30-day mortality rate was 41.67%. ConclusionThe elective graft replacement operation in patients with AAA is a safe and effective surgical approach under the improvement of surgical technique and management of perioperative period.