Objective To investigate the function and survival of parathyroid tissue transplanted into the rectus of rat by different pre-treatment. Methods Male，adult Wistar rats （seventy）as donors and adult SD rats （thirty-five）as receptors. Model rats were established by resection of parathyroid and randomly divided into five groups （digital random method）：direct transplantation group， high-oxygen culture group， ciclosporin A （CsA） group， 60Co irradiated group， and integrated treatment group. Each receptor received four PTG from two donors and the PTG were transplanted into the rectus of the receptors. Changes in concentration of serum calcium and PTH at different time points before and after parathyroid transplantation in each group recipient rats were observed. Results Serum calcium and PTH could reach or remain normal level after thyroid tissue transplantation in all groups in 1 week after operation， which significantly differed from those of pre-transplanted （P＜0.01）. The survival time among the five groups were different： the duration for keeping serum calcium and PTH at normal level（only 3 week and 4 weeks）in direct transplantation group was shortest than that in high-oxygen culture group （5 weeks and 8 weeks）， CsA group （6 weeks and 8 weeks）， 60Co irradiated group （5 weeks and 7 weeks）, and integrated treatment group （5 weeks and 9 weeks）. Compared with direct transplantation group， the levels of serum calcium and PTH in high-oxygen culture group，CsA group，60Co irradiated group, and integrated treatment group were significantly higher in 4-9 weeks point （P＜0.05， except high-oxygen culture group in 9 weeks and 60Co irradiated group in 8 weeks after operation had no significant difference）. Compared with integrated treatment group， the levels of serum calcium and PTH in high-oxygen culture group，CsA group， and 60Co irradiated group were significantly lower in 7-9 weeks point （P＜0.05）. Conclusions PTG tissues transplanted in rectus can maintain serum calcium level at normal range，and measurement on graft or receptors can prolong the survival period of parathyroid graft. Tissue transplantation of parathyroid after culture may provide a potent way to cure hypothyroidism.
Objective To detect the expression of KiSS-1 protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and to analyze its significance. Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens of 32 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma and its adjacent cancer tissues were included in this study. Then the expression of KiSS-1 protein was detected by munohistochemistry and its relationship with clinical pathological features was analyzed. Results KiSS-1 protein mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The expression of KiSS-1 protein was positive in adjacent tissues, but decreased or absent in cancer tissues in 32 patients. In the latter, there were 11 cases with positive expression (34.4%) and 21 cases with negative expression (65.6%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=31.256, Plt;0.001). The average value of KiSS-1 protein expression represented by absorbance (A) value (119.595 2) in cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (174.805 0), t=34.429, Plt;0.001. The expression of KiSS-1 protein in cancer tissues was not related to patient gender (P=0.618) and age (P=0.061), but except TNM staging (P=0.034). The expression rate of KiSS-1 protein in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis (4/4, 100%) was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (7/28, 25.0%)， P=0.003. Conclusion The expression of KiSS-1 protein is decreased or absent in papillary thyroid carcinoma, which may be involved in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Objective To analyze the expressions of galectin-3， human bone marrow endothelial cell-1 （HBME-1），cytokeratin （CK）19， and RET in benign and malignant thyroid tumor and to discuss their clinical significances. Methods The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical staining data of 131 patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumor were analyzed retrospectively， including 45 patients with malignant thyroid tumor， 86 patients with benign thyroidtumor. The expressions of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the benign and malignant thyroid tumor were detectedby immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression rates of the galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the malignant thyroid tumor were 97.8% （44/45）， 88.9% （40/45）， 100% （45/45）， and 71.1% （32/45）， respectively，which in the benign thyroid tumor were 9.3% （8/86）， 12.8% （11/86）， 37.2% （32/86）， and 8.1% （7/86）， respectively， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The diagnostic sensitivity， specificity， and accordance rates were 97.8 %， 90.7%， and 93.1% for the galectin-3， respectively；88.9%， 87.2%， and 87.8% for the HBME-1， respec-tively；100%， 62.8%， and 75.6% for the CK19， respectively；71.1%， 91.9%， and 84.7% for the RET， respectively. Conclusions The expression levels of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in malignant thyroid tumor are significantly higher than those in benign thyroid tumor. Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET can be important factors for identifying the benign and malignant tumor and their biological behaviors. Galectin-3 has a high reference value in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.
Objective To explore the pattern and clinical influencing factors of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）， and provide a basis for the choice of surgical approach for the PTC neck lymph node processing. Methods The clinical data of 98 patients with PTC treated in Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2011 were collected， and the pattern and clinical influencing factors of cervical lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results Ninety eight consecutive patients underwent neck dissection in a total of 114 sides. The lymph node metastasis rate of cervical lymph node， districtⅥ， districtⅡ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ， and districtⅤwas 77.55% （76/98）， 74.49% （73/98）， 42.86% （42/98）， and 5.10% （5/98）， respectively. Results of univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis rates were higher in patients with diameter of tumor greater than 1 cm， tumor invaded thyroid capsule， multi-focal tumor， and old than 45 years （P＜0.05）. Results of multivariate analysis showed that the age of patients， diameter of tumor， tumor invaded thyroid capsule， and multifocal tumor were independent risk factors of cervical lymph node metastasis （P＜0.05）. Tumor invaded thyroid capsule， multifocal tumor， combined with districtⅥmetastasis， and combined with districtⅡ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ metastasis were independent risk factors of prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis （P＜0.05）. Tumor invaded thyroid capsule and multifocal tumor were independent risk factors of skip lymph node metastasis （P＜0.05）. Conclusions DistrictⅥ is found to be the predominant site for lymph node metastasis of PTC， the districtⅢ and the districtⅣinvolved in addition， so it is necessary to clean lymph nodes at districtⅥ routinely. The regularity of cervical lymph node metastasis can provide the basis for surgeon to choose a reasonable type of neck dissection.
Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis （HT） coexistence withthyroid cancer （TC）. Methods One hundred and eighty-four patients with HT treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2011 were collected， and clinical data of 32 patients with TC of them were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty two patients combined with TC of the 184 patients with HT， and the incidence rate was 17.4%. All of the 32 patients were treated surgically according to the principle of surgery treatment for TC. Of the 32 cases of HT coexistence with TC， 15 patients were diagnosed by preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology （FNAC）， and the sensitivity of FNAC was 46.9% （15/32）. Twenty seven patients were diagnosed by intraop-erative frozen section pathological examination， and the sensitivity of it was 84.4% （27/32）， which was significantly higher than those of FNAC （χ2=7.563，P=0.004）. Thirty patients were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）， and 2 patients were diagnosed as follicular thyroid carcinoma （FTC） by postoperative paraffin section pathological exam-ination and （or） immunohistochemistry， respectively. All patients were treated with levothyroxine （L-T4） after operation，and 5 patients were treatment with 131I therapy in addition. One patient suffered convulsion， and 2 patients suffered mild hoarsenessthere after operation. Only 29 patients were followed up for 3-49 months （average 35 months）， and during the followed up， there were no tumor recurrence， metastasis， and death. Conclusions The rate of preoperative diagnosis of HT coexistence with TC is low， and auxiliary examinations play an important role in diagnosis and guiding treatment. Surgery is the preferred treatment， but auxiliary therapies after surgery are indispensable too.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of tumor suppressor gene Tat interacting protein 30 (TIP30) gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma and it’s clinical significance in treatment of thyroid carcinoma. Methods Thirty cases of pathological specimens wax pieces of papillary thyroid carcinoma from 2003 to 2006 in our hospital were selected, in which there were 7 male, 23 female； and the age was from 15 to 70 years old, average 44.7 years. Six cases were nodular goiter with carcinomatous change in local area (papillary), 2 cases were thyroid capsular invasion. Distant lymph node metastasis and lesions surrounding the thyroid tissue were not confirmed by pathology. Every specimen was divided into tumor tissue and adjacent tissue (1-2 cm far away from tumor and non-cancerous tissue was confirmed by pathology). The expression of TIP30 in specimen was detected by immunohistochemical method with staining index and the average absorbance. ResultsTIP30 was expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, which was showed as brown particles. ①Staining index: TIP30 in adjacent tissues was expressed highly with 21 (70.0%) positive cases (gt;2 points) and 9 (30.0%) negative cases (≤2 points), while its expression in cancer tissues was reduced or missed with 11 (36.7%) positive cases (gt;2 points) and 19 (63.3%) negative cases (≤2 points). There was a statistical difference between them (P＜0.05), and it was not related to age and gender of patients (Pgt;0.05). ②The average absorbance of TIP30 in cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe expression of TIP30 in papillary thyroid carcinoma is reduced or deleted, which can supply some theory support for its gene therapy.