We proposed a research of a heart sound envelope extraction system in this paper. The system was implemented on LabVIEW based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). We firstly used the sound card to collect the heart sound, and then implemented the complete system program of signal acquisition, pretreatment and envelope extraction on LabVIEW based on the theory of HHT. Finally, we used a case to prove that the system could collect heart sound, preprocess and extract the envelope easily. The system was better to retain and show the characteristics of heart sound envelope, and its program and methods were important to other researches, such as those on the vibration and voice, etc.
Fetal heart sound is nonlinear and non-stationary, which contains a lot of noise when it is colleced, so the denoising method is important. We proposed a new denoising method in our study. Firstly, we chose the preprocessing of low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 200 Hz and the re-sampling. Secondly, we decomposed the signal based on empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) of Hilbert-Huang transform, then denoised some selected target components with wavelet soft threshold adaptive noise cancellation algorithm. Finally we got the clean fetal heart sound by combining the target components. In the EMD, we used a mask signal to eliminate the mode mixing problem, used mirroring extension method to eliminate the end effect, and referenced the stopping rule from the research of Rilling. This method eliminated the baseline drift and noise at once. To compare with wavelet transform(WT), mathematical morphology (MM) and the Fourier transform (FT), the SNR was improved obviously, and the RMSE was the minimum, which could satisfy the need of the practical application.
ObjectiveTo analyze the cause of complications for patients with advanced malignant biliary obstruc-tion treated with percutaneous transhepatic implantation of biliary stent (PTBS) and summarize the experiences of comp-lications of the treatment. MethodThe complications of 59 patients firstly treated with percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) then with PTBS in 156 cases of advanced malignant biliary obstruction from January 2010 to January 2013 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsFifty-nine cases of complications were occurred in 156 cases of advanced malignant biliary obstruction, the incidence was 37.8%, including biliary infection in 26 cases, bile duct bleeding in 17 cases, liver failure in 5 cases, renal failure in 4 cases, acute pancreatitis in 4 cases, stent displa-cement in 2 cases, bile duct perforation in 1 case.Three cases died in 59 patients with complications, 56 cases were improved after symptomatic treatment. ConclusionPTCD combined with PTBS is a safe and effective treatment of advanced malignant biliary obstruction, the reasonable perioperative management is very important to reduce the occurrence of complications.
ObjectiveTo study the preoperative evaluation value of serum tumor markers (CA72-4, CEA, CA199 and CA125) in patients with gastric cancer. MethodsSerum levels of tumor markers (CA72-4, CEA, CA199 and CA125) and clinical pathological data of 70 patients with gastric cancer before operation who underwent surgical treatment in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in June 2013 to 2014 June were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThere were some connection between the concentration of the serum CA72-4 and the tumor diameter, TNM staging, invasion depth, and the number of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), between CA199 and tumor size, TNM staging, and invasion depth (P < 0.05), between CEA, CA125 and tumor diameter, TNM staging and distant metastasis (P < 0.05), but the CA72-4, CA72-4, CEA and CA125 had nothing to do with patient' age and gender. ConclusionThe serum tumor markers of CA724, CEA, CA199, and CA125 have clinical application value in preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) mRNA and protein in human knee osteoarthritic chondrocytes and to find the optimal time and concentration for OPN treatment. MethodsChondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage tissues of patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) and cultured using one step digestive treatment with collagenase typeⅡ. The chondrocytes were then identified using immunohistochemistry of collagen typeⅡ. The first generation of chondrocytes were stimulated with OPN at a concentration of 1μg/mL for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and with OPN at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4μg/mL for 48 hours. The levels of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expressions were measured with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot. ResultsThe immunohistochemical staining showed that first generation of chondrocytes expressed collagen typeⅡ. Both MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression levels in OA chondrocytes increased significantly in the presence of OPN (1μg/ mL) and peaked at 48 hours after incubation, showing significant difference between different time points (P < 0.05). The MMP-13 mRNA expression level in OA chondrocytes at the OPN concentration of 1μg/mL was significantly higher than those at the other concentrations (P < 0.05), and the MMP-13 protein expression level at the OPN concentration of 1μg/mL was significantly higher than that at 0μg/mL (P < 0.05). MMP-13 protein expression level at the OPN concentrations of 0.5, 2, and 4μg/mL were significantly higher than that at 0μg/mL (P < 0.05). ConclusionOPN induces up-regulation of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expressions in human knee osteoarthritic chondrocytes in time-and dose-dependent manners. The optimal time and concentration for OPN treatment are 48 hours and 1μg/mL, respectively.