With the continuous development of living standards, medical imageology, pathology and the technique of cell biology, the morbidity of double primary lung cancer (DPLC) grows rapidly in recent years. The thoracic surgeons have constantly improved its standard of diagnosis and treatment. At the present, union diagnosis of multiple indexes, defining clinical stage based on a single leision, and the early surgery have been accepted by most of the thoracic surgeons. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), for its advantage of small trauma, has been accepted by thoracic surgeons and been widely used now. It's a promising treatment for DPLC and other chest diseases. In addition, it has been proved that there was no statistical diffence in prognosis between the simple radiotherapy and surgical treatment. The traditional concept of thoracic surgery is facing severe challenges. Therefore, we review the clinical diagnosis and treatment progress of DPLC as follows.