Objective To investigate the incidence of urolithiasis in infants aged 0-3 years old fed by melaminetainted milk powder in Gansu province. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 7 856 infants who were screened for urolithiasis in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University by ultrasound examination from September 25, 2008 to November 15, 2008. Data were collected by Excel and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 4 090 (52.06%) male infants and 3 766 (47.94%) female infants underwent ultrasound examination in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. The mean age of the infants with urolithias was 18.30±9.68 months. Of those, 704, including 434 males (61.65%) and 270 females (38.35%), were diagnosed with urolithiasis, with an incidence of 8.96%, and 99.14% of calculus was located in kidney. And, 58 aged 0-6 months with an incidence of 3.16%, 218 aged 6-12 months with an incidence of 11.01%, 275 aged 12-24 months with an incidence of 12.55%, and 153 aged 24-36 months with an incidence of 8.27%. The relationship between the incidence of urolithiasis and gender as well as age was assessed by using the Pearson Chi-square test. The results showed significant differences in the incidence of urolithiasis among infants of different genders and different ages (Plt;0.05). The result of multiplelogistic regression analysis indicated that gender was related to the incidence of urolithiasis (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The incidence of urolithiasis in the infants aged 0-3 years old in Gansu province is relatively high. The incidence of urolithiasis focuses on the infants aged 6-24 months and has anatomical specificity.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the risk factors for intravesical recurrence (IVR) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect case-control studies about the risk factors for IVR after RNU of UTUC from inception to August 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 23 studies involving 8 614 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the history of bladder cancer (HR=1.77, 95%CI 1.42 to 2.22, P<0.001), tumor stage (≥T2) (HR=1.41, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.82,P=0.009), ureteral tumor (HR=1.34, 95%CI 1.20 to 1.49, P<0.000 01), tumor multifocality (HR=1.51, 95%CI 1.34 to 1.69,P<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (HR=1.43, 95%CI 1.20 to 1.70,P<0.000 1), laparoscopic surgery (HR=1.52, 95%CI 1.08 to 2.15,P=0.02), positive surgical margins (HR=1.87, 95%CI 1.17 to 2.99, P=0.009), and preoperative ureteroscopy (HR=1.46, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.75, P<0.001) were the risk factors for IVR after RNU.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the risk factors for IVR after RNU include history bladder cancer, tumor stage (≥T2), ureteral tumor, etc. Due to the limited quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.