Objective To analyze the clinical data of monkeypox (mpox) cases in Chengdu, to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with mpox complicated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Mpox patients admitted to Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 29 and August 8, 2023 were continuously included. Patients were divided into an observation group and a control group based on whether they were complicated with HIV/AIDS. The clinical characteristics of two groups of patients were observed and compared. Results A total of 56 patients were included, all of whom were male; Age range from 19 to 51 years old, with an average of (31.6±5.9) years old; There were 23 cases in the observation group and 33 cases in the control group. Except for age, perianal lesions with infection, number of rashes, diarrhea, CD4+ lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio, syphilis, chest CT abnormalities, rash duration, and length of hospital stay (P<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in epidemiological data, clinical features, auxiliary examinations, treatment, and intensive care unit admission between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the Ct values of throat swab nucleic acid and blister fluid nucleic acid in the total population [(30.1±4.4) vs. (23.4±3.8); t=5.462, P<0.001]. Conclusions Mpox patients complicated with HIV/AIDS are prone to persistent, diverse, and severe lesions due to relatively lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Therefore, it is necessary to actively provide symptomatic treatment and prevent complications for patients.
Objective To investigate diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） complicated by Aspergillus infection. Methods Clinical data of 38 patients with pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection who underwent surgical treatment from January 2008 to December 2010 in Chengdu Infectious Disease Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 male patients and 15 female patients with their average age of 37.8 （23-59） years. Preoperatively，all the patients received regular anti-TB treatment for more than 2 weeks，and patients with definite Aspergillus infection received anti-Aspergillus therapy for more than 3 days with consultation of infectious disease physicians. After above treatment，26 patients underwent lobectomy，1 patient underwent right pneumonectomy，and 11 patients underwent left pneumonectomy. All the patients were followed up at the outpatient department after discharge. They were evaluated every 2 weeks in the first 3 months，every 1 month after 3 months，and every 6 months after 1 year. During follow-up，they received acid-fast bacillus smear and sputum culture to check Aspergillus，as well as CT chest scan. Results All the patients successfully received surgical resection of the pulmonary lesion without perioperative death or severe complication. Postoperative pathology examination confirmed pulmonary TB with Aspergillosis infection in all the 38 patients，whose basic diseases included TB cavity in 17 patients，TB-destroyed lung in 12 patients，and post-TB bronchiectasis in 9 patients. All the patients were followed up after discharge for 1.5-4.5 years. During follow-up，they received regular anti-TB therapy for adequate duration in addition to antifungal medications such as voriconazole. None of the 38 patients had recurrence of Aspergillus infection or pulmonary TB. One patient had hemoptysis which was controlled after proper treatment during follow-up. Conclusion Missed diagnosis rate of pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection is high. Surgical resection of the pulmonary lesion and postoperative medication treatment are the most effective treatment strategies for patients with pulmonary TB complicated by Aspergillus infection.
【摘要】 目的 探讨胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值。 方法 将2009年1-11月收治的52例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为常规组（40例）和胸膜活检组（12例）。常规组采用常规方法诊断结核性胸膜炎，胸膜活检组采用胸膜活检进行诊断，比较两组诊断结果。 结果 常规组均未获得细菌学、病理学依据，病原病理学诊断率为0.0%；胸膜活检组有5例获得细菌学病理学依据，病原病理学诊断率为41.7%；两组比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。常规组平均诊断时间为60 d，胸膜活检组平均诊断时间为5 d；两组比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。胸膜活检组无并发症发生。 结论 胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎诊断中具有重要价值。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the value of pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods From January to November 2009, Fifty-two patients with tuberculous pleurisy were randomly divided into conventional group (40 patients) and pleural biopsy group (12 patients), in order to compare the results of conventional diagnostic methods and tuberculous biopsy methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Results Conventional group was unable to obtain the final bacteriological, pathological basis which obstained the diagnostic rate of 0, but in the pleural biopsy group, five patients got diagnosis basing on bacteriological and pathology tests, and the diagnostic rate was 41.7%;there was significant difference when compared the results of the two groups (Plt;0.05). The average diagnosis time were 60 days in the conventional group, and five days in the pleural biopsy group, there was significant difference when compared the results of the two groups (Plt;0.05). Pleural biopsy group had no complications occurred. Conclusion Pleural biopsy methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy are of great value.
At present, there has been no report in China that novel coronavirus specific immune globulin has been used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recently, we had successfully treated one COVID-19 patient with intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin (COVID-19-IVIG). The female patient, aged 57 years, had clinical diagnosis: (1) COVID-19, common type; (2) postoperative colon cancer; (3) leukopenia; (4) low cellular immunity. 75 mL COVID-19 human immunoglobulin (Sinoptic Wuhan Blood Products Co., Ltd.) was intravenously injected twice. The patient was hospitalized for 49 days and had a good prognosis.
ObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics of overseas imported and related local COVID-19 patients in Chengdu.MethodsFifty overseas imported patients who were Chinese and 14 related local patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from November to December 2020 were selected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, treatment and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.ResultsThe local group were older, and they were mostly elderly and females (P≤0.05). Compared with the imported group, the proportion of the local group was higher in heart disease and tumor. More patients had cough, fever and expectoration symptoms (P≤0.05). C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose and fibrinogen were higher, and the lymphocyte count, blood platelet count, CD3+ T lymphocyte count, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, CD8+ T lymphocyte count were lower. The positive rate of novel coronavirus total antibody, IgG antibody and IgM antibody in the imported group were higher than those in the local group (P≤0.05). The negative conversion time of the median nucleic acid was shorter than that of local patients (P≤0.05).ConclusionThere are differences in sex ratio, age, complications, clinical manifestations, lymphocyte measurement value, T lymphocyte count and negative conversion time of nucleic acid between overseas imported and local COVID-19 patients in Chengdu. The local patients are mostly elderly and have more complicated conditions, but all of them have good prognosis.
Objective To study the efficacy and safety of combined anti-tuberculosis regimen containing bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods A total of 69 MDR-TB patients treated by joint regimen combined bedaquiline with other anti-tuberculosis drugs between March 2018 and August 2019 in Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu were taken as the trial group, and 60 MDR-TB patients received treatment without bedaquiline between June 2016 and December 2017 in the same hospital were taken as the control group. The efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared. Results The 69 patients in the trial group included 44 males and 25 females, aged from 21 to 63 years, with an average of (34.6±11.0) years; 58 patients (84.1%) completed the 24-week treatment with bedaquiline, while 11 patients did not complete the treatment, including 3 deaths (4.3%), 1 loss of follow-up (1.4%), 1 withdrawal from the study (1.4%), and 6 discontinuation due to adverse events (8.7%). Among the 54 patients with positive results of tuberculosis on baseline sputum culture, 49 transformed to negative results within 24 weeks of treatment (the negative conversion rate was 90.7%), and the median negative conversion time was 13.0 weeks. The 60 patients in the control group included 45 males and 15 females, aged from 16 to 66 years, with an average of (35.5±13.2) years. Among the 53 patients with positive results of tuberculosis on baseline sputum culture, 30 transformed to negative results within 24 weeks of treatment (the negative conversion rate was 56.6%), and the median negative conversion time was 12.0 weeks. The negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2=16.133, P<0.001). The most common adverse reactions in the trial group were liver function abnormalities (42 cases, 60.9%), prolonged QTc interval (37 cases, 53.6%), electrolyte disturbances (20 cases, 29.0%), and blood system damage (20 cases, 29.0%). In the 37 patients who experienced prolonged QTc interval, there were 8 patients with QTc intervals≥500 ms and 29 patients with QTc intervals ≥450 ms and <500 ms, with a median occurrence time of 16.0 weeks, among whom 25 patients experienced prolonged QTc interval in 4-48 weeks after the withdrawal of bedaquiline. Conclusion The negative conversion rate of tuberculosis sputum culture of patients with MDR-TB treated by bedaquiline combined with other anti- tuberculosis drugs is high, but electrocardiogram should be closely monitored during and after the treatment in order to guard against the potential cardiac toxic effects of bedaquiline.
Objective The current study aimed to compare the differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between patients who were vaccinated and those not and to explore the clinical significance of vaccination for the elderly.Methods A total of 92 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center from December 10, 2020, to May 2, 2022, were included, and they were grouped according to whether vaccinated. The differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging, treatment, prognosis, hospitalization time, and nucleic acid conversion time between the two groups were compared in this study. Results A total of 92 elderly patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1, and a median age of 66 (62, 71) years old. There were 79 patients in the vaccinated group and 13 in the unvaccinated group. The positive rate of total SARS-CoV-2 antibody in 92 patients was 91.3%, and those of IgG and IgM of SARS-CoV-2 antibody were 89.1% and 37%, respectively. The positive rates of total SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IgG of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in the vaccinated group were higher than those in the unvaccinated group (97.5% vs. 53.8%, 96.2% vs. 46.2%) (P<0.01), and COI values of total antibody, IgM and IgG were higher than those of unvaccinated group (P<0.01). The proportions of the initial symptoms of sputum, ground-glass opacity or patchy opacity involving both lungs in chest CT in the unvaccinated group were higher than those in the vaccinated group (P<0.05). The white blood cell counts and platelet counts in the vaccinated group were higher than those in the unvaccinated group, whereas the prothrombin time and D-dimer were lower than those in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05). COI values of total antibody in the 3-doses group were higher than those in the 2-doses group, and the white blood cell counts in the 3-doses group were higher than those in the 2-doses group (all P<0.05). During hospitalization, asymptomatic infection (58.2%) and general type (53.8%) was the most common in the vaccinated and unvaccinated group, respectively. Patients in the unvaccinated group were more likely to progress to severe status than the vaccinated group during hospitalization (15.4% vs. 0%, P=0.019). The unvaccinated group received more treatments of intravenous immune globulin, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, plasma after immunization of vaccine and convalescent plasma of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than those of the vaccinated group (P<0.05). Patients in the unvaccinated group developed a higher proportion of respiratory failure, secondary infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and heart failure than in the vaccinated group (P< 0.05). The median lengths of hospitalization and nucleic acid conversion in the unvaccinated group were 22 (7, 32) days and 13 (2, 20) days, which were longer than those in the vaccinated group [8 (7, 12) days, 2 (2, 7) days] (all P<0.05). Conclusions Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 can improve the positive rate of total SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IgG of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, milder disease status, and can shorten the time of hospitalization and nucleic acid conversion. These results suggest that the COVID-19 vaccine can reduce the disease and improve the prognosis in the elderly.