ObjectiveTo understand the adaptation condition of undergraduate nursing students at the early stage of enrollment so as to provide reference frame for the development of college students' adaptability and mental health education. MethodTotally 75 full-time baccalaureate nursing students were recruited from a comprehensive university by convenience sampling method In November 2014. Adaptation condition was investigated with China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS). Statistical analysis methods were applied to analysis differences of the adaptability of college and its various dimensions scores in general data statistics. ResultsThe average score of adaptation ability was (206.88±31.02) points. There were significant differences in the level of getting along with their parents and confidence in nursing speciality (P<0.05) , while no significant differences were found among students in gender, nationality, only China one students, students' regions and reasons of choosing nursing speciality （P>0.05) . ConclusionsThe current adaptation situation of nursing undergraduates freshmen should be improved. It is necessary to carry out a series of targeted activities for the entrance education of college students to promote the adaptability of university life.