As the most effective and popular gene-editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has produced a revolution in biological fundamental research, medicine and biotechnology. In this review, we describe the history of the CRISPR-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems, the tools of CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-FnCas9/RCas9, CRISPR-Cas13 and CRISPR-Cas12a, and then some comments we need to think about.
Objective To study the risk factors of urinary incontinence in acute stroke patients and provide scientific evidence for preventing and managing such complication. Methods A computerized literature search was performed on both English and Chinese databases including Embase, Medline, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CNKI from January 1990 to January 2017 based on such search strategies as literature review and manual retrieval. In addition, we tracked down the related reference lists. The RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Categorical data were calculated by the pooled odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and numerical data were calculated by pooled mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. Results A total of 17 articles of controlled studies with 2 428 cases and 3 725 controls were included. According to the results of Meta-analysis, factors associated with urinary incontinence following acute stroke were age [MD=2.80, 95%CI (0.29, 5.30),P=0.03], female gender [OR=1.29, 95%CI (1.16, 1.45),P<0.000 01], diabetes [OR=1.40, 95%CI (1.13, 1.73),P=0.002], heart disease [OR=1.65, 95%CI (1.29, 2.13),P<0.000 1), former cerebrovascular disease [OR=1.43, 95%CI (1.21, 1.69),P<0.000 1), speech disorder [OR=4.20, 95%CI (3.45, 5.10),P<0.000 01], smoking [OR=0.68, 95%CI (0.50, 0.92),P=0.01]. Hypertension [OR=1.25, 95%CI (0.99, 1.58),P=0.06], left hemisphere involvement [OR=1.29, 95%CI (0.81, 2.06),P=0.29], and hemorrhagic stroke [OR=1.26, 95%CI (0.79, 2.03),P=0.33] were not correlated with urinary incontinence following acute stroke. Conclusions Older age, female gender, diabetes, heart disease, former cerebrovascular disease and speech disorder are risk factors associated with post-stroke urinary incontinence, while smoking lowers the potential risk. However, hypertension, hemorrhagic stroke and left hemisphere involvement do not significantly increase the risk of urinary incontinence following stroke.
【摘要】 目的 研究活动期RA患者血清中细胞因子IL-18的表达，并探讨它们与疾病活动程度的关系。 方法 2008年12月-2010年1月将63例RA患者，根据DAS28将患者分为高度活动组和低度活动组，应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法检测63例RA患者和27例对照组的白细胞介素-18（IL-18）表达水平。分析IL-18的水平与临床指标的相关性。 结果 IL-18在活动期RA中表达水平高于低度活动组、对照组，分别为（238.88±41.75）、（189.11±40.62）、（185.42±44.93） pg/mL，有统计学意义（Plt;0.01）。RA活动组患者IL-18与外周血白细胞计数呈负相关（r=-0.628，Plt;0.05）。 结论 IL-18水平在RA活动期患者高表达，在RA发病和发展中起重要作用。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 63 patients with RA in our hospital from December 2008 to January 2010 were selected. The patients were divided into high activity group and low activity group according to the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Levels of IL-18 in the serum in 63 patients and 27 control individuals were detected by ELISA technique. The relationship between IL-18 expression and the clinical indexes was analyzed. Results IL-18 serum levels were (238.88±41.75), (189.11±40.62), and (185.42±44.93) pg/mL In high activity group, low activity group and the control group respectively with a significant difference (Plt;0.01). The IL-18 level in high activity group was negative correlated with WBC counts. Conclusion Apparent expression of IL-18 is found in RA patients at the active phase, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of RA.
Cryogels are a type of hydrogel material which are fabricated by cryopolymerization at subzero temperature. Due to their unique macroporous structure, shape memory properties and injectability, cryogels have gained significant interest in the fields of tissue engineering for encouraging the repair and regeneration of injured tissues. In this review, the basic concepts relevant to cryogels are introduced, and then the fabrication principle, the process parameters and the unique properties of cryogel are discussed. Next, the latest advances of cryogels as three-dimensional scaffold for various tissue engineering applications are given. Finally, this review summarizes the current limitations of cryogels, and strategies to further improve their properties for tissue engineering. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference guide for the researchers in related fields.
Objective To study a simple and practical method of isolation, culture and identification of hepatic oval cells from adult rat. Methods Wistar adult rats were fed by 2-acetaminofluorere （AAF） and were stimulated by partial hepatectomy to activate the proliferation of hepatic oval cells. After operation 12 days, the livers were resected for isolating oval cells. Hepatic tissue was digested by 0.10% collagenase Ⅳ and the obtained heterogeneous liver cells were then isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. The expressions of albumin and CK19 mRNA in hepatic oval cells were analyzed by immuno-fluorescence and RT-PCR. Results The survival rate of the newly isolated oval cells was more than 90%. The hepatic stem cells were shown by immuno-fluorescence of stem cell’s antigen c-kit. The expressions of mRNA CK19 and albumin of the oval cell were also detected by PCR. The proliferation activity of the newly isolated oval cells was significantly high and they could be induced to differentiate into both hepatic and bile ductal cells by some growth factors. Conclusion The successful development of the simple and feasible isolation and purification procedure as well as the identification method for hepatic oval cells may provide a fundamental for further studies about bionomics of the hepatic stem cell and the relation between stem cells and hepatic carcinoma.