ObjectiveTo review and summarize the role and progress of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed. The role of innate immune-mediated inflammation, macrophages, T cells, and complement systems in the pathogenesis of OA, potential therapeutic targets, and the latest research progress were summarized.ResultsWith the deepening of research, OA is gradually considered as a low-grade inflammation, in which innate immunity plays an important role. The polarization of synovial macrophage subpopulation in OA has been studied extensively. Current data shows that the failure of transformation from M1 subtype to M2 subtype is a key link in the progression of OA. T cells and complement system are also involved in the pathological process of OA.ConclusionAt present, the role of innate immunity in the progress of OA has been played in the spotlight, whereas the specific mechanism has not been clear. The macrophage subtype polarization is a potential therapeutic target for early prevention and treatment of OA.
ObjectiveTo review the pathological effects of cellular senescence in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA) and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsThe role of chondrocyte senescence, synovial cell senescence, mesenchymal stem cells senescence in OA, and the biological mechanism and progress of chondrocyte senescence were summarized by consulting relevant domestic and abroad literature.ResultsThe existing evidence has basically made clear that chondrocyte senescence, mesenchymal stem cells senescence, and cartilage repair abnormalities, and the occurrence and development of OA have a certain causal relationship, and the role of the senescence of synovial cells, especially synovial macrophages in OA is still unclear. Transcription factors and epigenetics are the main mechanisms that regulate the upstream pathways of cellular senescence. Signal communication between cells can promote the appearance of senescent phenotypes in healthy cells. Targeted elimination of senescent cells and promotion of mesenchymal stem cells rejuvenation can effectively delay the progress of OA.ConclusionCellular senescence is an important biological phenomenon and potential therapeutic target in the occurrence and development of OA. In-depth study of its biological mechanism is helpful to the early prevention and treatment of OA.