ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of lung ultrasound-guided pulmonary rehabilitation training in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation.MethodsPatients on mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of a tertiary A-level hospital in Hefei city from July 2022 to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table method. The control group received conventional pulmonary rehabilitation training, while the experimental group underwent lung ultrasound-guided pulmonary rehabilitation training. The differences in lung ultrasound scores, oxygenation index, diaphragm function, weaning success rate, and mechanical ventilation time were compared between the two groups on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of intervention.ResultsThe study was completed with 48 cases in the experimental group and 46 cases in the control group. Repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant intergroup effects, time effects, and interaction effects on lung ultrasound scores, oxygenation index, diaphragm mobility, and diaphragm thickness variability rate (P<0.05). The weaning success rate was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the mechanical ventilation time was shorter, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe lung ultrasound-guided pulmonary rehabilitation training program can effectively improve the pulmonary status, oxygenation, and diaphragm function of ICU patients on mechanical ventilation, increase the success rate of weaning, shorten the mechanical ventilation time, and accelerate patient recovery.