ObjectiveTo understand the significance of common gene variations in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MethodThe literature relevant research on PTC gene variations both domestically and internationally was reviewed. ResultsThe most common genetic variations in the PTC in clinical studies included mutations or rearrangements in BRAF, TERT, RAS, RET and other genes, which had certain diagnostic value for PTC, but the drugs available for their treatment were relatively limited; Moreover, it had been found that multiple gene co-mutations were also common in PTC, and their prognosis was often worse. ConclusionsBy sorting out the genetic variations in PTC, new ideas and methods are provided for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTC. By detecting the types of genetic variations, the occurrence, development, and prognosis of PTC can be predicted, and personalized treatment plans can be developed for patients with PTC.