Objective To evaluate the influence of the location of retinal vessel trunk on neuroretinal rim width of inferior and superior sectors of optic disc, and explore its role in the diagnosis of glaucomatous optic nerve lesion. Methods The photographs of ocular fundus from 459 patients with clear location of retinal vessel trunk, including large disc in 131, medium disc in 145, horizontally oval disc in 75, and small disc in 108 were evaluated. Independent-sample t test was used to compare the difference of the superior and inferior rim widths between the higher-vessel group and the lower-vessel group, and to compare the difference of superior and inferior vessel distances between the narrow-superior-rim-width group and the narrow inferior-rim-width group. Results In most of the patients, or the ones with large and small disc, the ratio of superior rim width to summation of superior and inferior rim widths in the higher-vessel group（0.467plusmn;0.051，0.445plusmn;0.040，0.508plusmn;0.056）were less than which in the lowervessel group（0.500plusmn;0.066，0.474plusmn;0.062，0.546plusmn;0.048）, and the differences were significant（P=0.000, 0.045, 0.018）; the ratio of superior vessel distance to summation of superior and inferior vessel distance in the narrow-superior-rim-width group（0.510plusmn;0.051，0.508plusmn;0.055，0.512plusmn;0.036）were less than which in the narrow-inferior-rim-width group（0.528plusmn;0.045，0.533plusmn;0.048，0.534plusmn;0.045）, and the differences were significant（P=0.000, 0.046, 0.022）. Conclusions The position of optic disc vessel trunk influences its superior and inferior rim width. The rim closer to vessel trunk position has narrower width than which comparatively far away from the position. In patients with large, medium, horizontally oval optic disc, glaucoma optic nerve lesion would be considered if the optic disc has the shape of narrower inferior rim, broader superior rim, and vessel location in the superior half of the disc. In the ones with small disc, the optic disc with the shape of narrower superior rim, broader inferior rim, and vessel location in the inferior half of the disc may suggest glaucoma optic nerve lesion. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 118-121)
Objective To study prospectively the morphological relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to evaluate the relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy by using stereo ocular fundus photography and computer analyzer systems. Results In 37 patients (42 eyes) in NTG hemorrhage group, 50 hemorrhagic spots at optic disc was found, including coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer in 35 eyes (83.3%)(35/42). In 35 patients (40 eyes) in non-hemorrahge group, partial coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer was found in 21 eyes (52.5%)(21/40). The difference of incidence of coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer between the two groups was not significant (chi;2=1.403, P=0.236). The incidence of atrophic arc in hemorrhage group differed much from which in non-hemorrhage group (chi;2=7.008, P=0.008). The area of atrophic arc at beta;section in hemorrhage group ［(2.05plusmn;0.88)mm2］ was significantly different from which in non-hemorrhage group［(1.42plusmn;0.53)mm2］(t=-2.618, P=0.012). In the follow-up period, the difference of incidence of disc-rim loss between hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage group was significant, (chi;2=5.802, P=0.016); while the difference of the incidence of visual field defect between the two groups was not. Conclusion In eyes with NTG, hemorrhage of optic disc, coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer and atrophic arc are closely related. More disc-rim loss and changes of atrophic-arc area in hemorrhage group in the follow-up period suggests that hemorrhage of optic disc is the risk factor of development of NTG. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 232-235)
目的 观察酒石酸布托啡诺与芬太尼合用于术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果及最佳混合比例。 方法 2010年8月－2011年1月100例妇科手术患者，随机分为5组，每组20例。均全身麻醉术后采用负荷量+持续背景剂量+PCIA方案镇痛。根据不同配方分为F组：芬太尼1 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；B组：酒石酸布托啡诺10 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；BFⅠ组：芬太尼0.6 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺3 mg+生理盐水至90 mL；BFⅡ组：芬太尼0.5 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺5 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；BFⅢ组：芬太尼0.3 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺6 mg+生理盐水至90 mL。观察术后各时点视觉模拟评分（VAS）及镇静评分，患者满意度以及不良反应情况。 结果 术后早期BFⅢ组和B组VAS评分大于F组；镇静评分B组大于F组；B组满意度优良率小于其余各组；恶心呕吐发生率F组高于BFⅠ组及BFⅡ组。 结论 酒石酸布托啡诺和芬太尼合用于PCIA，镇痛效果确切，不良反应发生率低。推荐配比：BFⅠ组和BFⅡ组。
Objective To explore mechanism of gastric bypass in treating obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Methods The INS-1 cells were divided into 4 groups according to the different treatment: control group (complete medium), high glucose group (30 mmol/L glucose medium), exendin-4 group (high glucose+100 nmol/L exendin-4), and JNK agonist group (high glucose+100 nmol/L exendin-4+JNK agonist). When these cells were cultured on day 7, the cell activity was assessed by the MTT staining. The cell apoptosis was determined by the fluorescence microscopy analysis after the Hoechst/PI staining and flow cytometric assay after the Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expressions of the human immunoglobulin binding protein (Bip), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), P-SAPK/JNK, and caspase-3 protein were detected by the Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the cell activities were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the cell apoptosis rates and the P-SAPK/JNK and caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the high glucose group and the JNK agonist group, but the Bip and CHOP protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the high glucose group. Compared with the high glucose group, the cell activity was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cell apoptosis rate and the Bip, CHOP, P-SAPK/JNK, and caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the exendin-4 group, the Bip and CHOP protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the JNK agonist group. Compared with the exendin-4 group, the cell activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the cell apoptosis rate and the P-SAPK/JNK and caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the JNK agonist group. Conclusion Gastric bypass can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress of pancreatic islet β-cells by regulating secretion of glucagon like peptide-1, thereby inhibiting JNK signaling pathway, protecting pancreatic islet β-cells and inhibiting apoptosis, so as to achieve effect of treating T2DM.
In sonoporation, the cell membrane is broken-up temporarily by ultrasound mediated microbubbles, which is promoting drug or gene into the cell. In current literatures, there are numerous studies of single microbubble dynamics in sonoporation. However till now, little studies have been focused on the sonoporation incidence caused by more than one microbubble. In this article, the dynamic model of two adjacent microbubbles in stable cavitation has been introduced. By the model, the forces including secondary Bjerknes force on cell membrane given by microbubbles and their effects on sonoporation have been numerically studied. According to the experimental parameters, we numerically studied (1) effects of the ultrasound and microbubble parameters on the secondary Bjerknes forces; (2) the forces exerted on cell membrane by microbubble, including the secondary Bjerknes force; (3) the sonoporation possibility caused by those forces produced by microbubble. In this article, the ultrasound and microbubbles’ parameters range were found to produce sonoporation by two adjacent microbubbles. Furthermore, it is the first time to found that the microbubbles’ parameters are more important than ultrasound parameters on sonoporation.
Objective To study effects of enteral immunonutrition and econutrition on intestinal mucosa barrier function in wounded rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with ten rats in each group 〔ie.control group, enteral nutrition (EN) group, enteral immunonutrition (EIN) group and enteral econutrition (EEN) group〕. After gastrostomy, rats in each group were treated with the isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutritional formulas for 7 days, respectively. The morphology of ileum membrane was studied, and the quantities of IgA+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells (each HP) of ileum membrane were determined. Results The villus height, crypt depth, mucosal thickness (except EN group) and villus surface area of ileum were increased in EN, EIN and EEN group compared with control group (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference among the former three groups (Pgt;0.05). The numbers of IgA+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were increased in EN, EIN and EEN group compared with control group (P＜0.05), and those numbers in EN group were lower than those in EIN and EEN group (P＜0.05). Conclusion EIN and EEN may improve intestine mechanical barrier function and promote restoration of small intestine mucous membrane barrier function in rats. EIN and EEN also improve intestine immune barrier function and strengthen its immune function.
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) in human gastric cancer tissue and the influence of chemotherapeutics on expression of CRYAB mRNA.Methods① The gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues of 76 patients underwent radical resection from April 2018 to March 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and the Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital were collected, the expression of CRYAB protein in the gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues of 76 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry SP technique. The relation between the expression of CRYAB protein and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. ② Twenty-one gastric tissues of patients accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 26 gastric tissues of patients with no neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were collected from November 2018 to March 2020, the expression of CRYAB mRNA was detected by real time-PCR.ResultsThe expression of CRYAB protein in gastric cancer tissues was positive in 51 cases (67.1%) and in the corresponding adjacent tissues was positive in 32 cases (42.1%), the positive rate was higher in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=9.581, P=0.002). The over-expression of CRYAB protein in the gastric cancer tissues was correlated with the TNM stage, Borrmann typing, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion of the patients, and Lauren classification (P<0.05), but not correlated with the age, gender, tumor sitation, and diameter (P>0.05). The expression of CRYAB mRNA in the gastric cancer tissues with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in the gastric cancer tissues without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (t=8.37, P<0.001).ConclusionsThe over-expression of CRYAB protein is closely related to the invasion and progression of gastric cancer, they may be involved in the progression of gastric cancer and play a crucial role. Moreover, the expression of CRYAB mRNA increases after chemotherapy, it suggests that chemotherapy drugs can activate the self-protection mechanism of tumor cells to some extent, and influence the effect of chemotherapy by increasing expression of CRYAB protein.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and tumor malignant degree or lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. MethodsA total of 83 patients with gastric cancer treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital from October 2018 to April 2021 were collected. The expression of STIM1 protein in the gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal gastric tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Meanwhile the correlation between the expression of STIM1 protein and clinicopathologic features or postoperative lymph node status of the patients with gastric cancer was analyzed. ResultsThe positive rate of STIM1 protein expression in the gastric cancer tissues was 95.2% (79/83), including 62 (74.7%) patients with high expression (STIM1 scoring 5–7) and 21 (25.3%) patients with low expression (STIM1 scoring 2–4), which in the corresponding adjacent normal gastric tissues was 41.0% (34/83), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=58.078, P<0.001). The expression of STIM1 protein was not related to gender, age, and tumor size of the patients with gastric cancer (P>0.05), while the proportions of the patients with high expression of STIM1 protein in the gastric cancer patients with low/undifferentiated tumor, T3+T4 of infiltration depth, TNM stage Ⅲ, and lymph node metastasis were higher than those with high/medium differentiation (χ2=11.052, P=0.001), T1+T2 of infiltration depth (χ2=24.720, P<0.001), TNM stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ (χ2=9.980, P=0.002), and non-lymph node metastasis (χ2=6.097, P=0.014). The expression intensity of STIM1 protein was positively correlated with the number of lymph node metastasis (r=0.552, Z=–3.098, P=0.002) and the rate of lymph node metastasis (r=0.561, Z=–6.387, P<0.001). ConclusionsPositive rate of STIM1 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues is relatively high. STIM1 protein expression in gastric cancer tissue is closely related to tumor malignancy and lymph node metastasis, so it might play an important role in progression of gastric cancer.
Objective To detect the serum protein fingerprint in gastric cancer patients by using the surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and protein chip array technology, screen biomarker candites, build diagnostic models and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods The serum proteomic patterns were detected in 40 patients with gastric cancer, 20 patients with gastric ulcer and 20 healthy blood donors. The diagnostic models were developed and valited by discriminant analysis. Results The peak intensity of differential expression proteins was not found in healthy blood donors, and 1 case was found in patient with gastric ulcer (m/z: 5 910,4 095). The peak intensity of 5 329, 4 095, 5 910, 8 691 and 3 300 (m/z) proteins were significantly higher in 40 gastric cancer patients than those in 20 gastric ulcer patients and 20 healthy blood donors ( P ＜0.05）. Three differential expression proteins were set up a diagnostic model together to diagnose gastric cancer. The diagnostic model made up of the differential expression proteins of 4 095, 5 910 and 8 691 had a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 97.5% . Conclusion Using SELDI-TOF-MS shows great potential to detect, and screen novel and better biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Objective To observe the effect of gefitinib on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in bile duct epithelial cells, and the feasibility of inhibiting hyperplasia of bile duct epithelial cells with gefitinib. Methods Sixty-one patients with hepatolithiasis having to be in hospital for surgery from the First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu county were selected, with 25-65 years old, average 46.92 years. The patients were randomly divided into therapy group and control group. There were 30 cases in therapy group, in which fine duct was placed on lesion bile duct during operation, and through whom gefitinib solution was perfused after operation. There were 31 cases in control group with only T tube drainage after operation. The bile duct sample was obtained respectively during the operation and 6 weeks and 12 weeks after operation. The histology and expression change of EGFR were observed by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR method respectively. Results There were no significant differences in pathohistology changes of bile duct and the EGFR protein and mRNA expression between therapy group and control group during operation. The hyperplasia of epithelium mucosae and submucosal gland in the therapy group were obviously decreased as compared with those in control group, the EGFR mRNA and protein expression in therapy group were weaker than those of control group （Plt;0.05） 6 weeks and 12 weeks after gefitinib treatment. Conclusion EGFR is overexpressed in the chronic proliferative cholangitis, and continuously local application of gefitinib after operation can specifically interrupt the activation and expression of EFGR and then effectively inhibit the hyperplasia of bile duct epithelial cells.