Objective To evaluate the correlation of oxygen saturation of retinal vessels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) stages or HbA1c level in patients with DR. Methods Cross sectional study. A total of 102 patients (102 eyes) with DR and 20 age-matched healthy controls (20 eyes) (normal control group) were enrolled in this study. DR patients were divided into mild and moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group (55 patients), severe NPDR group (26 patients) and proliferative DR (PDR) group (21 patients). DR patients were also divided into 3 groups according to the HbA1c level including HbA1c＞9% (8 patients), HbA1c 7% – 9% (33 patients) and HbA1c＜7% group (61 patients). The oxygen saturation of retinal vessel was measured by spectrophotometric oximetry unit in the retinal vessels with a diameter greater than 60 μm in the area around the optic disc. Results The retinal artery oxygen saturation of patients in severe NPDR group was significantly higher than that in mild to moderate NPDR group and normal control group (F=13.670,P＜0.05). The retinal vein oxygen saturation of patients in PDR group was significantly higher than that in mild to moderate NPDR group and normal control group (F=6.379,P＜0.05). The difference between retinal artery and vein oxygen saturation of patients in severe NPDR group was significantly bigger than that in mild to moderate NPDR group and PDR group (F=5.536,P＜0.05). The retinal artery and vein oxygen saturation in patients of HbA1c＞9% group were significantly higher than that in HbA1c 7% – 9% group and HbA1c＜7% group (F=9.989, 10.208;P＜0.05). The differences between retinal artery and vein oxygen saturation were same between patients in HbA1c＞9%, HbA1c 7%＜9% and HbA1c＜7% group (F=1.836,P＞0.05). Conclusions The retinal artery and vein oxygen saturation in DR patients are related to the DR stages. Severe NPDR patients show the highest retinal artery oxygen saturation as well as biggest difference between retinal artery and vein oxygen saturation. There is also a trend that retinal vein oxygen saturation increases with higher DR stages. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the levels of HbA1c and retinal vessel oxygen saturation.
ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). MethodsProspective and observational study. Clinical examination of 81 consecutive patients (86 eyes) diagnosed with RVO were included in the study, in which the branch retinal vein occlusion in 47 eyes, central retinal vein occlusion in 39 eyes. Forty-five patients were male and 36 patients were female. Aged from 28 to 76 years old, the mean age was (55.36±10.01) years old. Comprehensive optical and imaging examination were performed, including fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral domain OCT, en face OCT and OCTA. The retinal blood flow imaging scan mode and the optic disc blood flow imaging scan mode were performed, the scanning region in the macular area were 3 mm×3 mm, 6 mm×6 mm, 8 mm×8 mm respectively, around the optic disc were 3 mm×3 mm and 4.5 mm×4.5 mm. Each region scans 2 times. The characteristics of foveal avascular zone change, macular edema, non-perfusion and optical disc edema in OCTA and their corresponding FFA and en face OCT were observed. ResultsBy OCTA, 67 eyes (77.9%) for foveal avascular zone change, 23 eyes (26.7%) for macular edema, 40 eyes (46.5%) for non-perfusion, and 33 eyes (38.4%) for optical disc edema can be detected. The foveal avascular zone change can be indentified as the tranformation, destruction and even vanish of the arch in superfacial layer of retinal macular area, acompanied with the dilatation and thickening of capillary vessels, the occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels arounded the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area. Those performances were more clear than FFA. The main expression of macular edema was low signal and was not as clear as en face OCT. The tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels, density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels can be observed in non-perfusion. These observations were similar to FFA. However, pieces of highly signal identical with non-perfusion area can be detected in chroid capillary. The representation of optical disc edema was the brush-like expanding of capillary vessels aroud optical disc. ConclusionsOCTA can help for observing the abnormal changing of capillary vessels in foveal avascular zone and macular edema, non-perfusion and optical disc edema. Foveal avascular zone change showed occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels around the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area. Macular edema showed the weak signal. Non-perfusion showed tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels, density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels. Optical disc edema showed brush-like expanding of capillary vessels around optical disc.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of intravitreal Conbercept on idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV). MethodsThis is an open and prospective study without control trial. Twelve eyes from 11 patients (7 females and 4 males) with ICNV diagnosed by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), non-contact tonometer, ophthalmoscope, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were enrolled in this study. All affected eyes were treated with intravitreal Conbercept 0.05 ml (10 mg/ml) and received an average of (1.91±1.04) injections. The initial average letters of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart acuity were 61.73±14.58, range from 25 to 77. The patients were followed up for 6 to 9 months.The initial average central retinal thickness (CRT) was (330.73±47.79)μm, range from 290 to 467 μm. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OCT and ophthalmoscope examination were assessed monthly. ResultsDuring the 1, 3, 6 months after treatment, themean BCVA were all improved with statistically significant difference (t=2.68, 3.80, 3.65; P < 0.05). At 1 month later after treatment, the mean BCVA was obviously improved in 1 eye (9.09%), improved in 8 eyes (72.73%), stable in 1 eye (9.09%), decreased in 1 eye (9.09%). At 6 month later after treatment, the mean BCVA was obviously improved in 3 eyes (27.27%), improved in 6 eyes (54.55%), stable in 1 eye (9.09%), decreased in 1 eye (9.09%).During the 1, 3, 6 months after treatment, the mean CRT were all decreased with statistically significant difference(t=2.44, 3.78, 4.12; P < 0.05).At latest follow up, the leakage in macula lutea disappeared in 6 eyes(58.33%), decreased in 11 eyes (25%)and increased in 3 eyes (16.67%). There were no systemic or ocular serious side effects during the follow up. ConclusionIntravitreal Conbercept for ICNV showed CNV regression, retinal thickness reduction, visual acuity improvement and safety.