Objective To investigate the trends of cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） professional development and personnel constitution in the past five years in China， and provide prediction and advice for the trend of Chinese CPB personnel constitution in the future. Methods We conducted 2 questionnaire investigations of Chinese hospitals in which cardiovascular surgeries were performed in the year 2005 and 2010， regarding the number of on-pump and off-pump cardiovascular operations and cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO）. Data of CPB personnel constitution in the year 2005 and 2010 were analyzed. Results The total number of cardiovascular operation， on-pump cardiovascular operation and ECMO cases was 104 631， 86 155， and 68 respectively in 2005. The total number of cardiovascular operation， on-pump cardiovascular operation and ECMO cases was 170 547， 136 753， and 206 respectively in 2010. There were 708 CPB professionals in 2005， including 40.2% （285/708）full time perfusionists and 23.2% （164/708）perfusionists with senior professional titles. There were 2 111 CPB professionals in 2010， including 37.6% （793/2 111） full time perfusionists and 25.5% （539/2 111） perfusionists with senior professional titles. Conclusion There has been a rapid CPB professional development in the past five years in China. The proportion of full time perfusionists， perfusionists with senior professional titles and higher educational degree will further increase in the future.