ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness and safety of rasagiline for Parkinson's disease. MethodsDatabases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2013), Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were electronically searched from inception to March 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on rasagiline for Parkinson's disease. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. ResultsIn total, 6 studies involving 2 865 patients were included. The results of meta-analyses indicated that, compared with placebo, rasagiline 2 mg/d and 1 mg/d was significantly effective (MD=-3.16, 95%CI-3.21 to-3.11, P < 0.000 01; MD=-3.01, 95%CI-3.06 to-2.96, P < 0.000 01). Rasagiline 1 mg/d was more effective than rasagiline 2 mg/d in the treatment of early PD (MD=-0.65, 95%CI-0.73 to-0.57, P < 0.000 01). There was no significant difference between rasagiline and placebo in the incidences of nausea, headache, and dizziness (nausea:OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.49 to 1.07, P=0.60; headache:OR=1.02, 95%CI 0.70 to 1.49, P=0.91; dizziness:OR=0.87, 95%CI 0.49 to 1.55, P=0.35). ConclusionRasagiline is effective for early Parkinson's disease, and the dosage 1 mg/d is better than 2 mg/d based on current limited evidence. Rasagiline has a good tolerance and safety. Due to the limited quantity of the included studies and the evidence with limited strength, further high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the aforementioned conclusion.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 3-dimensional printing model (3DPM) aiding decision making and surgery rehearsal for the treatment of double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with non-committed ventricular septal defect (NC-VSD). Methods From January 1st, 2012 through December 30th, 2014, 12 patients with DORV and NC-VSD were operated with the aid of “3DPM guidance” to do decision making and surgical technique rehearsal preoperatively. There were 9 males and 3 females at age of 2.9±2.2 years. The “3DPM guidance” consisted of step by step procedures: computerized tomography (CT) scan for the patients, CT based 3DPM rendering, 3DPM exploration, decision making, and surgery rehearsal. During surgery rehearsal, surgeons did patch designing, VSD enlargement planning, muscle bundle resection etc. Eight out of the twelve patients underwent biventricular repair, 4 patients underwent single ventricle repair. Six of the eight biventricular repair patients had intra-ventricular baffle repair, 1 patient had intra-ventricular baffle repair and arterial switch procedure, 1 had modified Nikaidoh procedure. VSD enlargement was performed in all the patients in biventricular repair group. The reasons not to do a biventricular repair included very restrictive VSD, tricuspid attachments across the sub-aortic passway. Results The operation findings correlated well with the 3DPM in all the cases. There was no hospital death, no major complication. One patient had a mild sub-aortic stenosis and he was under close follow-up. There was no late death and reoperation. Surgeons involved were satisfied with the “3DPM guidance”. Conclusions 3-D printing model is an excellent way to help decision making for DORV with NC-VSD and can provide surgery simulation which decrease complication rate and help achieve good outcomes.