This article interprets the core content of Chinese expert consensus on the CT examination for transcatheter aortic valve replacement and Chinese expert consensus on standardized evaluation of CT for transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and elaborates on the technical points of preoperative and postoperative CT examination for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), including patient preparation, data acquisition, image reconstruction, and contrast agent use strategies. The article also provides an in-depth interpretation of the crucial elements in standardized CT evaluation for TAVR, covering assessments of aortic root anatomy, cardiac morphology, coronary arteries, and surgical access routes. The article emphasizes the significance of the above consensuses in standardizing TAVR-related CT examinations, improving diagnosis and treatment quality, and promoting the development of cardiovascular intervention therapy in China.
Objective To observe the anti-adhesion and repair effect of 3 composite patches which composed of polylactide-co-caprolactone (PLC), hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen, and polypropylene (PP) mesh repairing abdominal wall defectin rats under contaminated environment, and to investigate the characteristics of 3 composite patches and the feasibil ity of onestage repair. Methods Ninety-three adult male Wistar rats (weighing 150-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=31): PP/PLC composite patches (group A), PP/HA/PLC composite patches (group B), and PP/collagen/PLC composite patches (group C). One rat was selected from each group to prepare the contaminated homogenate of the small intestine. The abdominal wall defect models (1 cm in diameter) were established in other rats, and the defects were repaired with 3 composite patches (1.5 cm in diameter) according to grouping method. At 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively, the adhesions was observed, and the patch and adjacent tissue was harvested for histological observation. Results Six rats died at 10-70 days postoperatively (2 in group A, 3 in group B, and 1 in group C). No wound infection, intestinal obstruction, or hernia occurred in 3 groups. Adhesion was observed between abdominal viscera and the patch, especially intestine, epiploon, and l iver. According to the modified Katada criteria, no significant difference in the adhesion score was found among 3 groups at 30 and 60 days (P gt; 0.05); the adhesion score was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B at 90 days (P lt; 0.05). The histological results showed that inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblasts, secreted collagen, and the residual absorbable material were observed around the patch at 30 days in 3groups. Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, increased fibroblasts and residual PLC were observed at 60 days in 3 groups. At 90 days, the fibroblasts became increasingly mature, collagen deposited, the mesothelium formed gradually, and the residual PLC decreased. Conclusion In contaminated environment, PP/collagen/PLC composite patch is superior to PP/PLC and PP/HA/ PLC composite patches in aspect of abdominal adhesion and inflammatory reaction, and it is more applicable to one-stage repair of rat abdominal wall defect. But it is necessary to further study in the long-term efficacy and the security of the composite patch.
Objective To investigate the regulating effect of Notch-1 on retinal progenitor cells (RPC) differentiating into retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Methods RPC of 14-day embryonic SD rats were induced and differentiated in the culture medium with Notch-1 antisense oligonucleotides (experimental group) or missense oligonucleotides (control group) for 14 days. The condition of growth and differentiation of the cells were observed daily under the phase-contrast microscope. RGC were identified by Thy1.1 immunocytochemistry methods and the cellular number was counted. Results RPC in both of the two groups differentiated into various retinal cells, including Thy1.1-positive RGC. The percentage of RGC derived from RPC was 31.19%plusmn;6.90% in experimental group and 16.57%plusmn;4.31% in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.84，Plt;0.001). Conclusion Notch-1 may down-regulate the differentiation of RPC, and the inhibition of Notch-1 may promote RPC differentiating into RGC. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 101-103)
Objective To explore the reoperative techniques of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 56 patients who treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA and General Hospital of PLA from Feb. 2011 to Feb. 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Results All performed surgeries were successful. Surgeries took 90-150 minutes with an average of 120 minutes. Bleeding during surgeries was 70-200 mL with an average of 120 mL. Postoperative drainage was 90-210 mL with an average of 100 mL. The pathological diagnosis of the second surgery in 44 cases were as the same as the first， but there were no malignant tumor tissues of dissected glands in 12 cases. All patients had no postoperative bleeding and bucking， but 8 patients experienced hand and foot numbness， and 5 patientsexperienced transient hoarseness. Fifty patients were followed-up for 6-30 months （average 10.8 months） from the reoper-taion and 18-66 months （average 45.2 months） from the first operation， and rate of postoperative followed-up was 89.3%（50/56）. During the followed-up， 1 patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 1 patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma died in 44 months and 38 months respectively， 3 patients suffered lymph node metastasis at non-Ⅵ region ofaffected side， no one suffered recurrence. Conclusions For differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients who are undergoingthe second surgery， thorough whole body condition analysis should be performed and appropriate type of surgery should be chosen. By using recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring， carbon nanoparticles for lymph node clearance， and protecting parathyroid gland to lower the possibility of postoperative complication， to improve survival rate and life quality.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation with acellular dermal matrix patch for chronic abdominal wall sinus by comparing with the traditional surgical method. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 53 cases of chronic abdominal wall sinus between January 2006 and May 2012. Of 53 patients, 18 underwent endoscopic low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation with acellular dermal matrix patch (trial group), and 35 underwent traditional surgical treatment (control group). No significant difference was found in gender, age, etiology, disease duration, and location between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). Results The blood loss during sinus clearance, postoperative hospitalization days, and sinus union time of the trial group were significantly better than those of the control group (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the operative time for sinus clearance (t=0.28, P=0.78). No postoperative sinus bleeding or infection occurred in the trial group, but bleeding and infection in 5 and 3 cases of the control group respectively, showing significant differences between 2 groups (P lt; 0.05). The follow-up time was 4-18 months (mean, 12.4 months) in the trial group, and was 6-48 months (mean, 38.5 months) in the control group. No sinus recurrence was observed during follow-up. Conclusion Endoscopic low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation with acellular dermal matrix patch has the following advantages in treating chronic abdominal wall sinus: clear view, thorough cleaning of granulation necrosis tissues, less bleeding, faster sinus union, and shorter hospitalization days; however, further observations on the long-term effectiveness and the safety are required .
Objective To explore the value of laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy in treatment for gastric stromal tumors. Method The clinical data of 45 patients with gastric stromal tumors performed laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy resection from June 2008 to June 2012 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Forty-five patients with gastric stromal tumors were successfully excised by laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy， and the tumors were completely resected and no residual tumor at the edge. The length of surgical incision was about 4-6 cm with an average of 5.1 cm. The mean operation time was 75 min. Postoperative recovery was smooth， no surgery-related comp-lications occurred. The mean hospital stay was 6.8 d. No recurrence or metastasis happened within the follow-up with an average of 16.5 months. The immunohistochemical examination results：43 cases of CD117 was positive， 32 cases of CD34 was positive， 28 cases of SMA was positive， 2 cases of Desmin was positive， 22 cases of S-100 was positive. Conclusions The treatment of gastric stromal tumors through laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy is safe and effective. The benefits include minimal invasiveness， shorter operation time， and rapid postoperative recovery. The laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy can make more precise resection range， and avoid residual tumor and resection of excessive normal gastric tissue.
Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy between the mini-incision anterior cervical approach thyroidectomy and modified Miccoli endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy for thyroid benign tumor. Methods Clinical data of 80 patients with thyroid benign tumor treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA from Jan.2010 to Jan. 2012 were retrospectively analyzed，and the 80 patients were divided into mini-incision anterior cervical approach thyroidectomy group （n=40） and modified Miccoli endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy group （n=40） according to operative type. The operative time，drainage volume of neck，cosmetic satisfaction score，duration of hospitalization，expense of hospitalization，and rates of postoperative complication of 2 groups were compared and analyzed. Results The operative time of mini-incision anterior cervical approach thyroidectomy group were significantly longer than that ofmodified Miccoli endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy group〔（95.5±20.3）min vs. （62.4±15.5）min，P＜0.05〕，but thecosmetic satisfaction score〔（3.5±0.2） score vs. （4.3±0.1） score〕and expense of hospitalization〔（5 814.6±1 262.3）yuan vs. （9 846.7±1 080.5） yuan〕were lower （P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences on the drainage volumeof neck after operation〔（28.6±5.5） mL vs. （22.2±4.5） mL〕and duration of hospitalization〔（4.5±1.5） d vs. （3.8±0.9） d〕between the 2 groups （P＞0.05）. There were 3 cases happened transient hoarseness in mini-incision anterior cervical approach thyroidectomy group （all recovered in 1 month after operation） and 1 case in modified Miccoli endoscopy assi-sted thyroidectomy group （recovered in 3 months after operation），and there were no significant difference on incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury （P=0.608）. No other complications happened. Conclusions Modified Miccoli endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy has better cosmetic benefit than mini-incision anterior cervical approach thyroidectomy， but more expensive. The patients who have specific cosmetic demand or engage in special profession can choose modified Miccoli endoscopy assisted thyroidectomy.
ObjectiveTo assess whether using three new types of domestic absorbable anti-adhesive coatings could prevent adhesion to prosthetic meshes. MethodsA rat model of 1 cm-diameter defect in the muscular abdominal wall was made, and a 1.5 cm-diameter mesh was fixed intraperitoneally to cover the defect. One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: polypropylene (PP)+polylactide-co-caprolactone (PLC) mesh group, PP+hyaluronic acid (HA)/PLC mesh group, PP+collagen/PLC mesh group, and PP+expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh group. Five rats were executed on day 30, 60, 90, and 180 respectively after operation, adhesions were assessed according to Nair criteria and wound healing was studied by microscopy histologically. ResultsThe mean adhesion score of the PP+collagen/PLC mesh group was significantly lower than that of the PP+ePTFE mesh group on day 30, 60, 90, and 180 after operation (Plt;0.05). The mean adhesion score of the PP+PLC mesh group or PP+HA/PLC mesh group were the same as the PP+ePTFE mesh group at the same time (Pgt;0.05). No infections occurred, and occurrence of hernia was not found. ConclusionsMeshes with domestic absorbable coating can significantly reduce adhesion to mesh surface, especially with collagen and PLC coating. Meanwhile they are domestic, the costs are much lower, so the common people can afford to use. They have a good clinical prospect.
Objective To analyze the echocardiographic characteristics of above grade 3+ mitral regurgitation (MR) patients by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) in transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) and compare the intervention rate of TEER treatment in patients with different risk stratification. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 91 patients with above grade 3+ MR in Anzhen Hospital between June 2021 and April 2022. There were 45 males and 46 females aged 66.5±15.9 years. According to pathogenesis, the patients were divided into different anatomical groups and risk stratification groups. There were 34 patients in a simple degenerative group (simple DMR group), 28 patietns in a complex disease group (Complex group), 14 patients in a simple ventricular functional reflux group (simple VFMR group), 9 patients in a simple atrial functional reflux group (simple AFMR group), and 6 patients in a mixed functional reflux group (mixed FMR group). All patients were examined with a unified standard of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and 3D-TEE to compare the characteristic three-dimensional structural changes of the mitral valve in each group. According to the three partition strategy of preoperative anatomical evaluation of TEER, the risk stratification was conducted for the enrolled patients, which was divided into three regions from light to heavy: green area, yellow area, and red area. TEER treatment intervention rate of patients with different risk stratification was calculated. Results Ant leaf angle and post leaf angle were negative in the simple DMR and Complex groups, and non-planar angle, prolapse height and prolapse volume were higher than those of the other groups (P=0.000). Ant leaf angle and post leaf angle were positive in the VFMR group and the mixed FMR group. Anterior and posterior (AP) diameter of valve ring (P=0.036), tenting height and tenting volume were higher than those of other groups (P=0.000). AP diameter, tenting height and tenting volume were changed mildly in patients with simple AFMR. MR patients in red and yellow zone achieved a 28.1% TEER intervention rate.Conclusion Standardized TTE and TEE examinations are crucial for the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of MR in the echo core-lab. 3D-TEE mitral valve parameter can help determine the exact pathogenesis of MR and to improve the interventional rate of challenging MR patients.
Objective To investigate the cognitive functions in people at high risk for schizophrenia.Methods Two hundred and twenty-two people at high risk for schizophrenia and 331 normal controls were assessed with 14 neuropsychological tests. Results The results of some neuropsychological tests in people at high risk for schizophrenia were worse than those in the normal controls. These tests included information, arithmetic, digital symbol, block design, logical memory, visual memory, Stroop test, verbal fluency, tower of Hanoi, WCST and CPT (Plt;0.01). The time for trail making test A in was longer in the group at high risk for schizophrenia than in the control group (Plt;0.05).Conclusion People at high risk for schizophrenia have general cognitive deficits. Attention and executive function may represent the genetic endophenotype for schizophrenia.