Objective To discuss the pathogeny， treatment and prophylactic measures of postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS). Methods The clinical data of 150 patients with laparoscopic PCS in our department from October 2000 to March 2009 were analyzed. Results Etiological factors were found in 131 patients: one hundred and twelve cases were due to the reasons of biliary system, including bile duct residual stones after cystic resection， the injury bile duct stenosis， a long residual cystic canal， nipple benign stricture, bile duct tumor etc; Nineteen examples were due to other reasons, including gallbladder stone merger reflux gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer， diverticulum beside duodenal nipple, and so on, which resulted in the symptoms un-release after cystic resection. Nineteen cases were not found organic lesion. In ones whose etiological factors were definite, 117 cases were treated with different surgeries according to different etiological factors; another 33 cases were treated with conservative treatment. Total 145 cases were followed up, and 139 cases in them were cured or relieved at different degrees. Conclusion Careful preoperative examination, normalized operation avoiding damaging bile duct and leaving behind bile duct stones can effectively prevent laparoscopic PCS.