ObjectiveTo provide the anatomical basis for the selection of osteotomy site in leg lengthening or tibial slip. MethodsBetween August 2010 and July 2014, 10 adult fresh amputated leg specimens were collected. The pressure perfusion of red latex was performed by the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery and its main branches were separated and exposed, and the periosteal branch of anterior tibial artery was adequately exposed;the posterior tibial artery and its main branches were exposed;the peroneal artery was separated and exposed. The tibial and peroneal artery and its branches were observed and measured. When measuring the proximal end, the medial tibial plateau bone margin, the most prominent part of the tibial tuberosity, and the fibular head edge were used as a reference;when measuring the distal end, distal medial condyle of tibia malleolus tip, tibial lateral malleolus lateral tip, and distal tibial articular surface were used as a reference;the vertical distance between tibia proximal and distal main arteries and bone end reference was measured to determine the optimal osteotomy position of upper and lower tibia. The osteotomy index was calculated which was used to represent the relative position of osteotomy site in the whole tibia. ResultsThe proximal tibial osteotomy site located at (78.2±19.5) mm from medial tibial plateau margin, (41.8±16.0) mm from the tibial tuberosity pole, and (66.7±16.4) mm from the fibular head edge. The distal tibial osteotomy site located at (70.8±12.1) mm above the inferior margin of tibial medial malleolus, (83.3±13.0) mm above the inferior margin of lateral malleolus tip, and (59.1±11.7) mm from distal tibial articular surface. The proximal tibial osteotomy index was 18.45-23.35 (mean, 20.46);the distal tibial osteotomy index was 14.36-23.05 (mean, 18.81). ConclusionThe metaphyseal-diaphyseal connection shold be selected in the proximal and distal tibia osteotomy, the lower one third of the tibia is not suitable for ostetomy.