ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) on autonomic nerve excitation in patients with valvular disease, so as to provide reference for the formulation of clinical intervention plans. Methods The clinical data of patients with valvular disease who received surgical treatment in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from August 28, 2020 to February 3, 2021 were prospectively collected. According to the standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) of the heart rate variability (HRV) of the long-range dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) 7 days before the operation, the patients were divided into three groups: a sympathetic dominant (SE) group (SDNN≤50 ms), a balance group (50 ms<SDNN<100 ms) and a parasympathetic dominant (PSE) group (SDNN≥100 ms). The correlation between the changes of echocardiographic indexes and autonomic nerve excitation among the groups and the predictive values were analyzed. Results A total of 186 patients were enrolled, including 108 males and 78 females aged 55.92±11.99 years. There were 26 patients in the SE group, 104 patients in the balance group, and 56 patients in the PSE group. The left anteroposterior diameter (LAD), left ventricular end diastolic inner diameter, ratio of peak E to peak A of mitral valve (Em/Am), left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume and SPAP in the SE group were higher than those in the balance group (P<0.05), while peak A of tricuspid valve (At) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were lower than those in the balance group (P<0.05). The LAD and Em/Am in the balance group were significantly higher than those in the PSE group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that patients in the SE group had lower At (right atrial systolic function declines), lower LVEF and higher SPAP than those in the balance group (P=0.04, 0.04 and 0.00). When HRV increased and parasympathetic nerve was excited in patients with valvular disease, Em/Am decreased (left atrial function and/or left ventricular diastolic function declined) with a normal LAD. Pearson analysis showed that there was a linear negative correlation between SPAP and SDNN, with a coefficient of −0.348, indicating that the higher SPAP, the lower HRV and the more excited sympathetic nerve. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that when SPAP≥45.50 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), the sensitivity and specificity of sympathetic excitation in patients with valvular disease were 84.60% and 63.70%, respectively. ConclusionParasympathetic excitation is an early manifestation of the disease, often accompanied by decreased left atrial function and/or left ventricular diastolic function. Sympathetic nerve excitation can be accompanied by the increase of SPAP and the decrease of left ventricular and right atrial systolic function. SPAP has a unique predictive value for the prediction of autonomic nerve excitation in patients with valvular disease.
ObjectiveTo analyze factors affecting the recovery of postoperative left ventricular function in patients with valvular disease combined with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<40%].MethodsThe clinical data of 98 patients with valvular disease combined with HFrEF who underwent surgeries in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 75 males and 23 females aged 9-78 (55.3±11.9) years.ResultsA total of 15 patients were dead after the operation, including 4 deaths within 3 months and 11 mid-long-term deaths after the operation. Ninety-one patients were followed up for more than 6 months (10 months to 8.6 years). The postoperative cardiac function (NYHA) of 91 patients was classⅠ-Ⅱ, the LVEF of 18 (19.8%) patients increased more than 10%, that of 47 (51.6%) patients maintained at the preoperative level, and that of 26 (28.6%) patients decreased. Postoperative LVEF was more prone to recover in HFrEF patients with sinus rhythm before operation (P=0.038), valvular disease mainly in aortic valve (P=0.026), obvious reduction of left ventricular end diastolic diameter in early postoperative period (P=0.017), and higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) before operation (P=0.018). The risk factors for postoperative LVEF deterioration included large left atrium before operation (P=0.014), smaller left ventricle end systolic diameter before operation (P=0.003), and fast heart rate after operation (P=0.019). ConclusionMitral valve prolapse patients with obviously increased left ventricular diameter should receive operation as soon as possible. HFrEF patients with aortic valve disease should receive operation positively. The operation efficacy is satisfactory in the HFrEF patients with high SPAP.
Objective To investigate surgical treatment and evaluate the curative effect in patients with moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Methods The clinical data of the patients with coronary heart disease complicated with moderate to severe IMR who agreed to receive surgical treatment from June 2014 to June 2019 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) group and a CABG+mitral valve surgery (MVS) group. The preoperative and postoperative clinical data between the two groups were compared. Results Finally 105 patients were collected, including 75 males and 30 females, aged 40-79 (62.70±7.90) years. There were 34 patients in the CABG group, and 71 patients in the CABG+MVS group including 2 patients of mitral valvuloplasty and 29 patients of mitral valve replacement. Among the 105 patients, 5 died during the perioperative period and 2 died in 3 months after operation, all of whom were from the CABG+MVS group. There was no statistical difference in perioperative and postoperative 3-month mortality rate between the two groups (P=0.14). Eighty-seven patients were followed up in the medium and long term. There was no statistical difference in the degree of preoperative mitral insufficiency (MI) (P=0.59) and left atrium diameter (P=0.51) between the two groups, but the degree of postoperative MI in the CABG group was significantly higher than that in the CABG+MVS group (P<0.01). However, the left atrium diameter in the CABG group was significantly smaller than that in the CABG+MVS group (P<0.01). Paired analysis showed that systolic pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction and MI were significantly improved after operation (P<0.01); left atrium diameter was significantly improved after operation in the CABG group (P<0.01), but there was no statistical difference before and after operation in the CABG+MVS group (P=0.10). Conclusion For patients with moderate to severe IMR, CABG with mitral valve treatment can improve left ventricular remodeling, but can not significantly improve left atrial remodeling. Whether performing mitral valve treatment during CABG should be cautious. CABG alone is a safe and effective scheme for elderly patients with poor physical condition and low life expectancy.