ObjectiveTo investigate characteristics and research progress of graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation, and provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. MethodsThe relevant literatures on graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation were reviewed, and the related articles on the reference of bone marrow transplantation and other solid organ transplantation were summarized. ResultsThe incidence of graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation was 0.1% to 2%, and the mortality was > 75%. The pathogenesis was not clear, and the diagnosis was based on the clinical symptoms, the histological examination, and the evidence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) or DNA from donor lymphocytes. There were numerous treatment options, most of which, however, could not work effectively. A unified standard was needed. ConclusionsGraft-versus-host disease is a rare complication following liver transplantation, and prognosis is very poor. On one hand, it should be paid more attention to prevention before transplantation, such as the large age gap between donor and recipient, the similarity of HLA matching and so on. On the other hand, it should be strengthened the prevention awareness and actively carry out tissue biopsy, HLA typing, and chimera study. More studies from multiple centers should be carried out to actively explore the criteria for clinical treatment.