Objective To explore the hormone medication compliance in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Between May and December 2013, 96 children were investigated by questionnaires about medication compliance when they were out of the hospital. Then we analyzed the influencing factors for medication compliance. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results Of these 96 children, medication nonadherence accounted for 52% (50). The main guardian, educational level of the father, educational level of the mother, residence, duration of illness, time of hospitalization, and understanding of the treatment plan played significant roles in causing different medication compliance among these children (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of illness [OR=2.204, 95%CI (1.253, 3.875), P=0.006], residence [OR=2.615, 95%CI (1.0 23, 6.687), P=0.045] and the mother’s educational level [OR=0.147, 95%CI (0.028, 0.788), P=0.025] were the independent factors for medication compliance. Conclusions According to the survey, hormone medication compliance in children with chronic kidney disease is not satisfying. We should strengthen the health education in children and their parents, and adopt specific interventions to enhance the medication compliance so as to effectively control the disease and delay the progression.