Objective To explore primary surgical treatment experience of typeⅣ hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods From April 2008 to April 2011，20 patients with type Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma were enrolled into the same surgical group in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University.The intra- and post-operative results were analyzed.Results The total resection rate was 75%，which was consisted of 10 cases of radical excision and 5 cases of non-radical excision.Seven patients received left hepatic trisegmentectomy and caudate lobe resection including anterior and posterior right hepatic duct reconstruction，hepatojejunostomy，and Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy.Six patients received enlarged left hepatic trisegmentectomy and caudate lobe resection including left intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct reconstruction，hepatojejunostomy，and Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy. Two patients received quadrate lobe resection including two cholangioenterostomies after anterior and posterior right hepatic duct reconstruction，and left intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct reconstruction.After percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage （PTCD） and portal vein embolization （PVE），two patients with total bilirubins ＞400 mmol/L received radical excision and non-radical excision，respectively.Three patients only received PTCD during operation due to wide liver and distant metastasis，and two patients received T tube drainage during operation and postoperative PTCD due to left and right portal vein involvement. All 15 patients who received lesion resection survived more than one year， whereas another five patients whose lesions can not been resec ted only survived from 3 to 6 months with the mean of 4.2 months.No death occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusions For patients with type Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma， preoperative evaluation and tumor resection shall conducted so as to relieve obstruction of biliary tract，otherwise PTCD and PVE prior to the final lesion resection shall be performed.
【摘要】 目的 探讨外科手术治疗原发性腹膜后肿瘤的方法和影响患者预后的因素。 方法 回顾分析2002年5月-2008年5月收治的70例原发性腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床表现、影像学检查、手术治疗及随访情况。 结果 70例患者均进行了手术治疗，其中良性肿瘤20例（28.57%），恶性肿瘤50例（72.43%），良恶之比为1∶2.5；完整切除肿瘤者58例（82.86%），肿瘤部分切除者7例（10%），肿瘤广泛转移行组织活检者5例（7.14%），联合器官切除者18例（25.71%）。术后随访1~5年恶性肿瘤患者45例，其中肿瘤完全切除组1、3、5年的生存率分别为91.67%、66.67%、22.22%，肿瘤部分切除组分别为66.67%、33.33%、0%。两组比较差异有统计学（Plt;0.01）。研究发现肿瘤的大小、病理类型、是否完整切除是影响肿瘤局部复发、患者生存率的重要因素。 结论 早期诊断、充分的术前准备、肿瘤的全切除率能显著改善患者术后远期生存率。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the surgical management for primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRT) and the factors influencing the prognosis after operation. Methods The clinical manifestation, image data, treatment and prognosis of 70 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumor from May 2002 to May 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All of the patients with PRT had undergone the operations, in whom 20 (28.57%) had benign tumors and 50 (72.43%) had malignant tumors with a ratio of 1:2.5. Among these patients, 58 (82.86%) had complete resection, 7 (10%) had incomplete resection, five (7.14%) had surgical biopsies and 18 (25.71%) had combined resection of the organs. A total of 45 patients with malignant tumors were followed up for one month to five years. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates of the patients in complete resection group was 91.67%, 66.67% and 22.22%, respectively; and was 66.67%, 33.33%, and 0%, respectively in incomplete resection group. The differences between the two groups were significant (Plt;0.001). The results showed that the completeness of tumor, sizes, and histological type were associated closely with local recurrence and prognosis. Conclusion Early diagnosis, sufficient preoperative preparation and complete tumor resection play important roles in reducing the recurrence and improving the long-term survival rate.
Objective To discuss the therapeutic effectiveness of surgical approach to complex intrahepatolithiasis with biliary liver cirrhosis.Methods A case of complex intrahepatolithiasis with biliary liver cirrohosis, portal hypertension was treated with splenectomy and pericardial devascularization plus left hepatectomy and portal cholangio plasty with T tube drainage. Results Follow up one year and a half after operation, no symptom of cholangitis was found, and there is no relapse up to date. Conclusion Combined operation of hepatectomy with splenectomy is an ideal and effective treatment for complex intrahepatolithiasis with biliary liver cirrhosis.
ObjectiveTo summarize the surgical technique and indications for liver masses involving the second and the third porta hepatis.MethodsThirteen cases of liver mass involving the second and the third porta hepatis, who underwent surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2013 to September 2016 were collected retrospectively, then made a statistical analysis, including patients’ information, characteristics of liver masses, operation information, and result of followed-up.ResultsOf the 13 cases, there were 3 cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, 4 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 4 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 2 cases of liver metastasis induced by colon cancer. The mean tumor diameter was 12.5 cm (7–21 cm). Preoperative imaging examinations showed that mass had involved the second and the third porta hepatis, and all masses were resected by surgery without perioperative death, including 7 cases of right three hepatectomy resection, 1 case of left three hepatectomy resection, 4 cases of right hepatectomy resection, and 1 case of left hemi hepatectomy resection; among them, 9 cases were performed caudal lobectomy resection. The mean of operative time was 313 min (210–450 min), the mean of intraoperative blood loss was 592 mL (300–1 100 mL). Four cases received blood transfusion with 300–450 mL (mean of 338 mL). The total hepatic blood inflow occlusion time was 25–55 min (mean of 42 min). Five cases received venous reconstruction, and 1 case received hepatic vein reconstruction. After operation, ascites occurred in 6 cases, pleural effusion occurred in 6 cases, liver failure occurred in 2 cases, bile leakage occurred in 2 cases, pulmonary infection occurred in 3 cases, deep vein thrombosis occurred in 1 case. All of the 13 cases were followed-up for 1–39 months (median time was 14 months), during the followed-up period, 4 cases died, including 3 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 1 case of liver metastasis induced by colon cancer.ConclusionIt is encouraging to apply the vascular reconstruction and skilled hepatic partition technique for resection lesions which involved the second and the third porta hepatis, through meticulous preoperative evaluation and preparation.
ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Glissonean pedicle transection anatomic hepatectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging.MethodThe retrospective analysis was made on the preoperative clinical data, surgical treatment and postoperative status of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent the laparoscopic Glissonean pedicle transection anatomic hepatectomy using the ICG fluorescence imaging technology in the Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.ResultsAccording to the preoperative history, imaging and laboratory examinations, the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was considered. The intraoperative exploration revealed that there was only one tumor located in the segment Ⅳ and was superficial. The ICG fluorescence imaging was used to perform the Glissonean pedicle transection anatomic hepatectomy. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma without serious complications. The patient recovered well. No recurrence was found in the follow-up period up to 6 months.ConclusionsLaparoscopic Glissonean pedicle transection anatomic hepatectomy using ICG fluorescence technology can be used as a safe and precise treatment to solve problems such as bleeding during operation, difficult determination of tumor boundary, and whether having residual tumor in surgical margin.
Controlling intraoperative bleeding is the core technology of liver surgery, and it is also an important way to improve the benefits of liver surgery and reduce the risk of surgery. In recent years, a number of methods to maintain low central venous pressure have been proposed, including inferior vena cava clamping, restricted fluid infusion, postural changes, intraoperative assisted ventilation, intraoperative hypovolemic venous incision, etc. In addition, more and more indicators used to guide intraoperative fluid input management to maintain low central venous pressure have been discovered, including global end-diastolic volume and stroke volume variability. Therefore, this article summarizes the relationship between low central venous pressure and surgical effect in liver surgery, and the ways to achieve low central venous pressure on the basis of previous research.
Tumors located in the middle lobe of liver were usually subjected to extended hemihepatectomy due to its special anatomical location and high surgical difficulty. However, the incidence of postoperative liver failure and mortality increased accordingly for patients with liver cirrhosis and poor liver function because more liver parenchyma was resected. Therefore, some researchers proposed to use central hepatectomy to treat. However, due to the higher-level technology and the higher risk, it had not been carried out routinely following decades. Later, with the rapid development of laparoscopic technology in the liver surgery and its advantages such as small trauma, rapid postoperative recovery, and the same efficacy as open liver surgery, the reports on laparoscopic central hepatectomy (LCH) at home and abroad had been increasing year by year. Especially, with the standardization of LCH, the development of LCH will be promoted. LCH might become the mainstream of surgical treatment of middle liver tumors in the future.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of primary liver cancer cells. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining and analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to examine the PIPOX expression levels in liver cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues, and studied their relationship with patient prognosis. Liver cancer cell lines stably overexpressing or knocking out PIPOX were constructed to explore PIPOX’s impact on liver cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion by conducting in vitro functional experiments such as CCK-8, EdU, apoptosis detection, and Transwell assays. In vivo, nude mice subcutaneous tumor models and lung metastasis models were used to verify PIPOX’s effect on liver cancer growth and metastasis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot were both employed to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in liver cancer cells. ResultsImmunohistochemical staining and TCGA database analysis revealed that PIPOX expression was significantly lower in liver cancer tissues compared to paired adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Prognostic analysis indicated shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in PIPOX low expression group (P<0.05). In vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that PIPOX significantly inhibited liver cancer cell migration and invasion (P<0.05), while having no significant effects on their proliferation and apoptosis (P>0.05). Animal experiments also confirmed that PIPOX significantly inhibited liver cancer lung metastasis (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on tumor growth (P>0.05). Finally, RT-qPCR and western blot results revealed that PIPOX promoted the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (P<0.05) and inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail) (P<0.05). ConclusionsPIPOX significantly inhibits liver cancer cell migration and invasion, potentially via suppressing the EMT process. However, PIPOX does not significantly affect liver cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Alveolar hydatid disease，Orthotopic liver transplantation，Therapy
Objective To investigate the efficiency of manual reduction combined with uni-lateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods Between May 2005 and May 2009, the manual reduction combined with uni-lateral PKP was appl ied to treat 42 patients with OVCF (group A), and the simple uni-lateral PKP was appl ied to treat 43 patients with OVCF (group B) at the same period. The visual analogue scale (VAS), the vertebral height, and the Cobb angle were determined before operation, and at 3 days and 6 months after operation. Ingroup A, there were 6 males and 36 females aged 59-93 years (76.5 years on average) with an average disease duration of 7 days (range, 3 hours to 21 days); 27 segments of thoracic vertebrae and 31 segments of lumbar vertebrae were involved, including 15 segments at mild degree, 38 segments at moderate degree, and 5 segments at severe degree according to degree classification system of compression fractures of Zoarski and Peh. In group B, there were 9 males and 34 females aged 54-82 years (75.3 years on average) with an average disease duration of 7 days (range, 1 hour to 20 days); 26 segments of thoracic vertebrae and 35 segments of lumbar vertebrae were involved, including 21 segments at mild degree, 36 segments at moderate degree, and 4 segments at severe degree according to degree classification system of compression fractures of Zoarski and Peh. There were no significant difference (P gt; 0.05) in sex, age, affected site, degree, and disease duration between 2 groups. Results There was no significant difference (P gt; 0.05) in operative time, blood loss, or injected cement volume between 2 groups. No serious compl ication or death occurred in 2 groups. Cement leakage was observed in 4 cases (9.5%) of group A and in 5 cases (11.6%) of group B. The VAS scores after operation significantly decreased in 2 groups (P lt; 0.01). At 3 days and 6 months after operation, the VAS scores in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P lt; 0.05). The postoperative compression rates of affected vertebral body in 2 groups significantly decreased (P lt; 0.01). The compression rates of affected vertebral body at 3 days and 6 months after operation, and the height recovery rate at 3 days after operation in group A were superior to those in groupB (P lt; 0.05). The postoperative Cobb angles in 2 groups were significantly diminished (P lt; 0.01). The Cobb angles at 3 days and 6 months after operation, and the recovery rate at 3 days after operation in group A were superior to those in group B (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion The cl inical efficiency of the manual reduction combined with uni-lateral PKP is superior to that of simple uni-lateral PKP in treatment of severe OVCF.