【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relevant factors for fungal infection following pancreatoduodenectomy and offer the theoretical foundation for preventing the emergence of complications after operation． MethodsMedical records from 562 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in this hospital from 1995 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed by using single factor and noncondition Logistic regression analyse. Results①Seventyeight patients (13.9%) developed invasive fungal infection. The most frequently isolated fungal were Candida albicans accounted for 67.0%， and followed by Candida glabrata, Candida papasilosis and Candida tropicalis and gastrointestinal tract was the most common infection site, followed by respiratory tract, abdominal cavity. ②Fungal infection occurred significantly more often in patients with the length of time in parenteral nutrition, antibiotic use or abdominal cavity complications. Conclusion The most common infection site and isolated fungal associated with pancreatoduodenectomy were gastrointestinal tract and Candida albicans. Abdominal cavity complications such as pancreatic fistula， biliary fistula and abdominal infection and extended use parenteral nutrition and antibiotic are the most important factors leading to invasive fungal infection after pancreatoduodenctomy. Eliminating the various risk factors will decrease the incidence of fungal infection.
Objective To establish interstitial cells of Cajal （ICC） loss models caused by incomplete small intestinal obstruction in rats with modified method and verify it. Methods Modified method was used to establish the models， making the ring around the small intestine but not through it. Morphological changes were observed by general signs， pathological changes were tested by HE staining and transmission electron microscope （TEM）， and changes of ICC number were tested by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Success rate of this method was 56% （28/50）， weight loss happened compared with before operation in ileus group （P＜0.01）. Hyperemia and swelling were observed in ileus group， and gastric retention was obvious. Results of HE staining and TEM showed that there was obvious inflammatory change， and ICC reduced was observed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion ICC loss models caused by incomplete small intestinal obstruction meet the basic performance， and can be used for further research.